Hydropower in the Context of Sustainable Energy Supply: A Review of Technologies and Challenges

Table 1

Data on fossil fuel types and their global consumption levels, amount of their proven reserves, and amount of lifetime reserves basing on their 2006 consumption rates, adapted from InterAcademy Council [6].

Fossil fuel resource	Consumption (EJ)				Proven reserves (EJ) end of 2006	Lifetime of proven reserves (years) at present consumption (2006)	Consumption to date (1860–2006) as a share of proven reserve	Reservoir base (ZJ)	Lifetime of resources (years)
	1860–1998	1999–2006	2006	1860–2006
Oil	5,141	1,239	164	6,380	6,888	42	93%	32.4	198
Natural gas	2,377	785	109	3,163	7,014	64	45%	49.8	461
Coal	5,989	878	130	6,867	19,404	149	35%	199.7	1,538

EJ: Exajoule = 10¹⁸ J; ZJ: Zettajoule = 10²¹ Joule = 10³ EJ.