Transthoracic Echocardiography in Children and Young Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Figure 6

Course of TAPSE values in patients with PAH, PS, and TOF from mean reference values versus increasing time period. The TAPSE value data points for PAH, PS, and TOF patients are given as yellow oblique squares, green squares, and purple triangles, respectively. The interpolated mean values of control group are given as the black thin line. The −2 standard deviation line (−2SD) of the control group measurements is given as a grey dashed line. The difference of mean TAPSE values from mean reference values is expressed in centimetre (cm). PS: pulmonary stenosis; PAH: pulmonary artery hypertension; SD: standard deviation; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TOF: tetralogy of Fallot.