The Impact of Instructional Methods on Critical Thinking: A Comparison of Problem-Based Learning and Conventional Approach in Engineering Education

Table 2

Summary of ANCOVA for the comparison of critical thinking ability scores.

Source of variation	d.f.	Mean square	F	Sig. level
Pretest CT	1	9.149	1.095	.301*
Instructions	1	.044	.005	.942*
Error	47	8.353
Total	50
Corrected total	49

*Significant at 𝑃<.05.