Use of Functionalized Resin for Matrix Separation and Trace Elements Determination in Petroleum Produced Formation Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Table 6

Results for the petroleum produced formation waters analyzed by using the solid-phase extraction and ICP-MS measurements (μg L⁻¹, 𝑁=3, mean ± standard deviation).

Samples	Salinity (‰)	Co	Cd	Pb	Cu	Ni
PFW 1	50	0.051±0.001	0.108±0.002	<0.010	<0.35	0.162±0.005
PFW 2	62	0.072±0.009	0.182±0.002	0.403±0.005	3.55±0.02	<0.011
PFW 3	10	<0.003	<0.014	<0.010	2.2±0.2	<0.011
PFW 4	62	<0.003	<0.014	<0.010	<0.35	<0.011
PFW 4 + metals*	62	0.088±0.005	0.093±0.005	0.091±0.008	0.513±0.007	0.109±0.004
Recovery (%)**	—	88	93	91	103	109
Previous works***	15–120	0–3.5	0–1.9	0.057–0.80	0 – 3.7	0–5.5

*Analytes added for a final concentration of 0.100 μg L⁻¹ in the sample unless for copper which final concentration was 0.5 μg L⁻¹; **Recovery from spike test in the PFW 4 sample; ***Concentration and salinity range found in previous works [4, 28].