Mortality and Survival Rates after Elective Hepatic Surgery in a Low-Volume Centre Are Comparable to Those of High-Volume Centres

Table 3

Complications of 290 liver resections classified according the Clavien system.

Grades	Complications	Frequency
Grade  1 (𝑛=5; 1.7%)	Dyspnoea	1
	Mild pleural effusion treated conservatively	4
Grade  2 (𝑛=22; 7.6%)	Pneumonia requiring antibiotics	17
	Wound infection requiring antibiotics	5
Grade  3(a) (𝑛=2; 0.7%)	Pleural effusion requiring thoracic drainage	1
	Gastrointestinal complications treated conservatively	1
Grade  3(b) (𝑛=35; 12.1%)	Postoperative surgical bleeding requiring relaparotomy	7
	Intraabdominal abscess/biloma requiring surgery	14
	Wound rupture/wound infection requiring surgery	3
	Gastrointestinal complications requiring relaparotomy (ileus, anastomotic leakage)	11
Grade  4(a) (𝑛=6; 2.1%)	Liver failure	3
	Serious cardiovascular complications	3
Grade  4(b) (𝑛=1; 0.3%)	Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/Sepsis	1
Grade  5 (𝑛=4; 1.4%)	Death within 30 days after surgery	4