Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol on the Growth, Structure, Morphology, and Electrical Conductivity of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Synthesized via Microemulsion Polymerization

<table>Plot of dc conductivity (<svg height="12.325" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.39069pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.6625 12.325" width="21.6625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-.017,.062,8.038)"><path d="M548 455q-32 -77 -74 -77q-37 0 -103 10l-3 -2q36 -30 48.5 -62t12.5 -80q0 -103 -75 -179.5t-175 -76.5q-70 0 -113 45t-43 128q0 115 83.5 200.5t209.5 85.5q31 0 77.5 -4t67.5 -4q36 0 62 30zM350 274q0 54 -17 86q-19 35 -57 35q-50 0 -90 -37.5t-59 -91.5t-19 -109
q0 -61 24.5 -96.5t65.5 -35.5q51 0 87.5 46.5t50.5 100.5t14 102z" id="x1D70E"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,9.663,12.113)"><path d="M517 51v-25q-101 -18 -155 -38v65l-61 -36q-50 -29 -78 -29q-68 0 -126.5 58t-58.5 155q0 103 77 175.5t180 72.5q36 0 67 -12v143q0 48 -11.5 58.5t-65.5 14.5v25q79 9 156 34v-597q0 -38 7.5 -48t36.5 -13zM362 85v275q-35 51 -103 51q-20 0 -40.5 -8.5t-42 -28
t-35 -57.5t-13.5 -89q0 -83 42 -130t96 -47q51 0 96 34z" id="x64"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,15.945,12.113)"><path d="M390 111l17 -21q-34 -45 -80 -73.5t-89 -28.5q-91 0 -146 62t-55 147q0 118 101 195q74 57 149 57h1q59 0 90 -27q16 -14 16 -30q0 -15 -12 -29t-21 -14q-8 0 -19 11q-44 41 -101 41q-52 0 -87.5 -42.5t-35.5 -117.5q0 -49 15 -87t39 -58t49 -30t48 -10q33 0 60.5 12
t60.5 43z" id="x63"></path></g>
</svg>) versus (a) 1000/<i>T</i> and (b) <svg height="16.65" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.375 16.65" width="35.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,0,0,-.017,.062,16.588)"><path d="M649 676l-22 -187l-33 -2q3 56 -12 94q-8 20 -31.5 26.5t-86.5 6.5h-74l-90 -491q-4 -23 -6 -36.5t1 -25t7 -16.5t18 -9t27 -5t41 -3l-6 -28h-286l4 28q68 5 84 18.5t28 76.5l94 491h-55q-74 0 -100.5 -6t-41.5 -23q-24 -29 -54 -98l-32 1q32 98 53 188h22q7 -18 15 -22
t37 -4h417q23 0 33.5 5t25.5 21h23z" id="x1D447"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,11.388,8.425)"><path d="M535 230h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x2212"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,18.372,8.425)"><path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,24.083,8.425)"><path d="M368 703l-264 -866h-60l265 866h59z" id="x2F"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,0,0,-.012,28.986,8.425)"><path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path></g>
</svg> for both the samples in the temperature range 4.2–320 K.</table>

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fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol on the Growth, Structure, Morphology, and Electrical Conductivity of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Synthesized via Microemulsion Polymerization 

Figure 4 | Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol on the Growth, Structure, Morphology, and Electrical Conductivity of Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Synthesized via Microemulsion Polymerization 