Desires, Need, Perceptions, and Knowledge of Assisted Reproductive Technologies of HIV-Positive Women of Reproductive Age in Ontario, Canada

Table 3

Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models of participant responses for need for ART.

Characteristics	Problems becoming pregnant		Unadjusted		Adjusted
	Yes (𝑛=72)	No (𝑛=353)	Odds ratio (95% CIs)	𝑃 value	Odds ratio (95% CIs)	𝑃 value
Age (years)	38 (33, 43)	38 (33, 44)
18–25	2 (3%)	18 (5%)	1		1
26–40	44 (64%)	181 (53%)	2.19 (0.49, 9.78)	0.31	1.60 (0.33, 7.69)	0.56
>40	23 (33%)	144 (42%)	1.44 (0.31, 6.61)	0.64	1.13 (0.23, 5.59)	0.88
Ethnic background
African	25 (35%)	168 (50%)	1
Caribbean	7 (10%)	33 (10%)	1.43 (0.57, 3.57)	0.45
European-British	10 (14%)	33 (10%)	2.04 (0.89, 4.64)	0.09
French-Canadian	11 (15%)	38 (11%)	1.95 (0.88, 4.29)	0.10
Aboriginal	8 (11%)	30 (9%)	1.79 (0.74, 4.35)	0.20
Other	10 (14%)	35 (10%)	1.92 (0.85, 4.35)	0.12
African ethnicity versus other			0.55 (0.32, 0.93)	0.03
Birth place
Africa	26 (37%)	161 (47%)	1
Canada	34 (48%)	126 (37%)	1.67 (0.95, 2.93)	0.07
Caribbean	7 (10%)	30 (9%)	1.44 (0.58, 3.63)	0.43
Other	4 (6%)	25 (7%)	0.99 (0.32, 3.08)	0.99
Not born in Canada	37 (51%)	216 (61%)	0.67 (0.40, 1.12)	0.12
Years in Canada (for those not  born in Canada)	8 (3, 17)	5 (2, 11)	1.03 (0.99, 1.06)	0.13
Toronto region	33 (46%)	181 (51%)	0.80 (0.48, 1.34)	0.40
Working	27 (39%)	129 (38%)	1.04 (0.61, 1.77)	0.88
On government assistance	36 (51%)	172 (50%)	1.05 (0.63, 1.76)	0.84
Marital status
Married/common-law/living  with a partner	34 (50%)	152 (46%)	1.08 (0.57, 2.05)	0.82
Divorced/widowed	17 (25%)	96 (29%)	0.85 (0.41, 1.78)	0.67
Never married	17 (25%)	82 (25%)	1
Education
High school or higher	43 (69%)	204 (66%)	1.14 (0.63, 2.06)	0.66
Less than high school	19 (31%)	103 (34%)	1
Annual household income
<20 K	19 (30%)	150 (51%)	1		1
20–40 K	23 (37%)	85 (29%)	2.14 (1.10, 4.15)	0.02	2.36 (1.16, 4.80)	0.02
>40 K	21 (33%)	60 (20%)	2.76 (1.39, 5.50)	<0.01	2.63 (1.25, 5.52)	0.01
Years since diagnosis of HIV positive	9 (4, 13)	7 (4, 12)	1.00 (0.99, 1.01)	0.74
Hepatitis B co-infection	3 (4%)	9 (3%)	1.60 (0.42, 6.08)	0.49
Hepatitis C co-infection	11 (15%)	54 (16%)	0.96 (0.47, 1.94)	0.90
CD4 ≥ 200 cells/mm^3	55 (92%)	220 (90%)	1.25 (0.46, 3.41)	0.66
Recent VL (log10 copies/mL)	4 (4, 5)	4 (3, 4)	1.90 (0.91, 3.97)	0.09
Ever on HIV medication	67 (93%)	297 (85%)	2.30 (0.88, 5.98)	0.09
Currently on HIV treatment	62 (86%)	248 (72%)	2.40 (1.18, 4.87)	0.02	2.53 (1.12, 5.71)	0.03
Partner
HIV negative	27 (66%)	105 (53%)	1
HIV positive	14 (34%)	92 (47%)	0.59 (0.29, 1.20)	0.14
In sexual relationship	37 (52%)	190 (54%)	0.91 (0.55, 1.52)	0.72
Monogamous relations	35 (49%)	181 (52%)	0.91 (0.55, 1.52)	0.73
Current contraceptive use	30 (42%)	115 (33%)	1.43 (0.85, 2.41)	0.17
Ever gave birth	56 (79%)	304 (87%)	0.55 (0.29, 1.06)	0.07
Lifetime pregnancies
At least once	23 (33%)	61 (17%)	1		1
≥2	47 (67%)	288 (83%)	0.43 (0.24, 0.77)	<0.01	0.41 (0.21, 0.78)	<0.01
Lifetime births
At least once	45 (63%)	142 (41%)	1
≥2	26 (37%)	207 (59%)	0.40 (0.23, 0.67)	<0.001

VL: viral load.