Improved Insulin Sensitivity during Pioglitazone Treatment Is Associated with Changes in IGF-I and Cortisol Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Table 2

Fasting values in 10 subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 10 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) at baseline (week 0) and after 12 weeks of pioglitazone treatment (mean ± SEM).

	T2D				IGT				T2D versus IGT
	Week 0	Week 12	Δ week	𝑃 week	Week 0	Week 12	Δ week	𝑃 week	P week 0	𝑃 week 12	𝑃 for Δ week
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	8.7±0.8	6.9±0.4	−1.7±0.5	0.007	5.0±0.2	4.7±0.1	−0.3±0.1	0.028	0.001	0.002	0.015
Serum insulin (mU/L)	20.5±2.4	15.3±1.4	−5.2±1.6	0.011	26.5±7.0	24.4±7.5	−2.8±6.6	0.263	0.912	0.780	0.447
HOMA-IR	8.2±1.4	4.8±0.6	−3.4±1.0	0.005	5.9±1.5	4.9±1.4	−1.2±0.5	0.038	0.123	0.604	0.072
Serum C-peptide (𝜇g/L)	1.6±0.3	1.3±0.3	−0.3±0.1	0.008	2.8±0.4	2.0±0.3	−0.8±0.2	0.010	0.105	0.190	0.105
Serum IGF-I (SD)	−1.4±0.5	−0.5±0.4	0.9±0.2	0.017	0.4±0.3	0.4±0.3	0.0±0.2	0.913	0.006	0.143	0.019
Serum IGFBP1 (𝜇g/L)	18.4±4.1	20.8±4.7	2.4±2.9	0.760	18.4±2.2	21.8±4.0	3.4±3.3	0.326	0.436	0.684	0.821
Serum cortisol, baseline (nmol/L)	400±30	312±25	−88±37	0.047	402±21	461±35	58±25	0.014	0.853	0.007	0.004
Serum cortisol, peak (nmol/L)	599±32	511±43	−88±56	0.155	643±39	713±37	70±40	0.114	0.395	0.007	0.035
Serum triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.5±0.2	1.1±0.1	−0.3±0.2	0.021	1.1±0.1	1.1±0.2	0.0±0.2	0.959	0.073	0.970	0.247