Selected Health Status Measures of Children from US Immigrant Families
Table 3
Adjusted odds of selected health measures among immigrant and US-born children aged 0–17 years.
Fair/poor health
Fair/poor dental health
Obese/overweight 10–17 yrs
Never breast-fed 0–5 yrs
Miss school 11+ days 6–17 yrs
Injury requiring medical care 0–5 yrs
At least 1 chronic condition
OR
95% CI
OR
95% CI
OR
95% CI
OR
95% CI
OR
95% CI
OR
95% CI
OR
95% CI
Hispanic
F-born child, both immigrant parents
6.88
4.17
11.37
10.10
7.22
14.12
1.14
0.73
1.79
0.49
0.21
1.15
0.36
0.17
0.78
1.03
0.38
2.80
0.33
0.22
0.49
US-born child, both immigrant parents
3.44
2.30
5.16
5.64
4.12
7.70
1.89
1.22
2.93
0.17
0.11
0.25
0.28
0.13
0.61
0.25
0.17
0.39
0.34
0.22
0.51
US-born child, one immigrant parent
2.86
1.01
8.16
3.87
1.58
9.48
1.81
0.86
3.84
0.58
0.30
1.11
0.64
0.17
2.37
0.99
0.45
2.18
0.78
0.38
1.58
US-born child, US-born parents
3.49
2.42
5.02
3.25
2.54
4.17
1.58
1.25
2.01
0.79
0.60
1.03
1.22
0.88
1.70
0.77
0.52
1.14
1.04
0.82
1.30
Non-Hispanic White
One or both immigrant parents
0.52
0.27
1.00
1.00
0.61
1.64
1.12
0.76
1.65
0.39
0.27
0.56
0.71
0.45
1.14
0.86
0.49
1.53
0.72
0.51
1.03
US-born child, US-born parents
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
Non-Hispanic Black
One or both immigrant parents
1.24
0.33
4.57
1.66
0.76
3.61
1.53
0.93
2.52
0.25
0.14
0.46
0.38
0.08
1.74
0.65
0.31
1.40
0.79
0.42
1.47
US-born child, US-born parents
1.75
1.32
2.34
1.67
1.37
2.03
1.59
1.37
1.83
2.19
1.82
2.63
0.53
0.42
0.68
0.67
0.45
1.00
1.05
0.91
1.20
All other ethnic groups
F-born child, both immigrant parents
2.53
0.79
8.08
2.93
1.26
6.82
0.44
0.28
0.71
0.93
0.22
3.96
0.37
0.15
0.90
0.95
0.30
3.03
0.10
0.05
0.21
US-born child, both immigrant parents
2.07
0.63
6.82
1.92
0.92
4.02
0.57
0.29
1.09
0.42
0.22
0.80
0.04
0.01
0.12
0.31
0.16
0.59
0.30
0.13
0.65
US-born child, one immigrant parent
0.11
0.02
0.50
1.25
0.30
5.21
0.76
0.25
2.29
0.96
0.32
2.82
0.38
0.14
1.01
0.59
0.14
2.55
0.94
0.39
2.26
US-born child, US-born parents
1.57
1.15
2.15
1.61
1.27
2.04
1.38
1.14
1.66
0.93
0.76
1.15
0.97
0.71
1.33
1.05
0.76
1.45
1.10
0.93
1.31
Age, y
0 to 3
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
4 to 7
2.36
1.69
3.30
3.84
2.83
5.22
1.00
Reference
3.13
2.55
3.84
8 to 11
2.71
1.99
3.67
5.37
3.95
7.3
1.09
0.84
1.41
4.97
4.08
6.06
12 to 14
3.57
2.57
4.96
3.73
2.71
5.14
1.00
Reference
1.43
1.11
1.85
5.19
4.24
6.36
15 to 17
3.21
2.36
4.36
2.85
2.03
4.02
0.60
0.54
0.67
1.55
1.23
1.97
5.42
4.42
6.65
Gender
Male
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
Female
0.83
0.66
1.04
0.83
0.72
0.97
0.74
0.66
0.82
0.96
0.84
1.09
1.03
0.86
1.23
0.73
0.66
0.88
0.61
0.55
0.68
Household poverty status (ratio of family income to poverty threshold)
Below 100%
5.09
3.50
7.40
7.53
5.87
9.66
2.38
1.99
2.85
3.03
2.47
3.72
2.62
2.00
3.43
0.90
0.67
1.21
2.84
2.41
3.35
100–200%
2.77
1.87
4.10
4.86
3.75
6.31
1.93
1.65
2.26
1.95
1.61
2.37
1.92
1.49
2.48
0.86
0.64
1.16
2.07
1.77
2.44
200–400%
1.09
0.72
1.64
2.11
1.64
2.71
1.47
1.29
1.68
1.41
1.19
1.68
1.34
1.03
1.73
0.82
0.65
1.04
1.31
1.13
1.52
At or above 400%
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
1.00
Reference
OR: odd ratio; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval. F-born: foreign-born. The reference group for obesity/overweight aged 10–13. Age group 14–17 for obesity/overweight measure.
