Improvement of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Production in Echium acanthocarpum Transformed Hairy Root Cultures by Application of Different Abiotic Stress Conditions

Table 6

Total lipid content (TL; mg/g DW), total fatty acids content (FA; mg/g DW), and percentages of each fatty acid of Echium acanthocarpum hairy roots at sampling point 5 cultured for 25 days (culture B1) or 55 days (cultures C1–C4).

	Sampling point 5
	B1	C1	C2	C3	C4
TL (mg/g DW)	35.00±5.40	35.58±7.33	28.59±6.17	42.96±5.50	28.34±4.17
FA (mg/g DW)	8.45±0.87	13.71±4.10	9.38±0.84	13.29±3.43	9.90±1.71
Fatty acids
14:0	0.23±0.02	0.14±0.03	0.06±0.10	0.08±0.14	0.11±0.09
16:0	25.04±1.14	20.21±1.81	22.02±0.33	21.66±0.21	23.38±0.70
18:0	2.55±0.21	1.82±0.48	1.91±0.24	1.93±0.31	1.86±0.15
18:1n-9	6.77±1.10	8.79±2.43	4.82±1.14	5.66±0.49	4.24±1.65
18:1n-7	1.55±0.16	0.70±0.06	0.74±0.09	0.86±0.26	0.97±0.14
18:2n-6 (LA)	34.55±1.97	34.34±3.77	34.14±3.44	31.95±2.95	38.08±1.47
18:3n-6 (GLA)	11.77±1.63	17.51±1.77	19.79±0.61	19.92±0.98	19.23±0.27
18:3n-3 (ALA)	4.22±0.34	5.32±0.56	5.85±1.60	5.96±1.17	6.22±0.40
18:4n-3 (SDA)	0.88±0.21	2.12±0.19	2.73±0.47	2.75±0.43	1.27±0.55
20:0	0.27±0.04	0.64±0.30	0.84±0.25	0.80±0.38	0.42±0.05
22:0	2.51±0.35	2.42±1.50	2.52±1.84	2.83±1.32	1.35±0.09
24:0	2.08±0.60	0.21±0.02	0.40±0.17	1.81±0.45	0.21±0.03
Unknown	6.08±2.68	2.23±0.46	1.60±1.12	3.50±1.64	1.23±0.53
GLA + SDA	12.65±1.84	19.63±1.96	22.52±1.08	22.67±1.43	20.50±0.82
Total saturated FA	32.68±2.21	27.15±4.25	29.37±2.84	29.11±2.58	28.55±0.60
Total monoene FA	9.54±1.29	11.32±2.42	6.52±1.91	6.81±0.61	5.42±1.81
n-9	7.59±1.15	10.40±2.41	5.38±2.04	5.66±0.49	4.24±1.65
n-6	46.32±3.60	51.85±2.00	53.93±3.67	51.87±2.31	57.31±1.70
n-3	5.09±0.53	7.44±0.42	8.58±2.07	8.71±1.54	7.49±0.16
n-3/n-6	0.11±0.01	0.14±0.01	0.16±0.03	0.17±0.00	0.13±0.00
Δ6-des index (n-6)	0.25±0.02	0.34±0.05	0.37±0.02	0.38±0.02	0.34±0.01
Δ6-des index (n-3)	0.17±0.02	0.29±0.04	0.32±0.02	0.32±0.03	0.17±0.07
DBI	1.30±0.08	1.57±0.05	1.63±0.12	1.59±0.10	1.63±0.03

n-6 and n-3 Δ6-desaturation indexes were calculated as 18:3n-6/(18:3n-6 + 18:2n-6) and 18:4n-3/(18:4n-3 + 18:3n-3), respectively. Double Bond Index (DBI) was calculated as [(%18:1n) + 2 × (%18:2n)  + 3 × (%18:3n) + 4 × (18:4n)]/100. Values represent the mean of three replicates (𝑛=3) ± SD.