Response of Maize Seedlings to Cadmium Application after Different Time Intervals

Table 2

Means comparison data for growth and biochemical attributes of two maize (Zea mays L.) lines under different treatments of cadmium after different time intervals.

Lines

Time (d)

Cd (mg kg^−1)

SDW

RDW

Leaf area

Chl a

Chl b

Tot-Chl

Car.

RMP

MDA

H2O2

TAA

Proline

Anth.

0

2.23 ± 0.01^no

2.23 ± 0.04^kl

20.47 ± 0.06^op

3.61 ± 0.22^c

2.57 ± 0.26^c

6.18 ± 0.35^b

1.36 ± 0.00^a

32.72 ± 0.33^n

8.04 ± 0.13^tu

6.14 ± 0.01^s

0.97 ± 0.02^lmno

5.99 ± 0.06^j

2.44 ± 0.03^o

3

2.08 ± 0.06^o

1.81 ± 0.06^no

19.15 ± 1.47^p

3.20 ± 0.08^d

2.38 ± 0.05^de

5.58 ± 0.10^c

1.20 ± 0.02^b

35.39 ± 0.67^n

9.46 ± 0.06^st

8.20 ± 0.06^q

1.12 ± 0.01^jklm

6.20 ± 0.04^j

6.62 ± 0.28^k

5

6

1.73 ± 0.04^pq

1.41 ± 0.05^pq

17.68 ± 0.09^q

2.71 ± 0.04^e

2.09 ± 0.04^f

4.79 ± 0.07^de

0.97 ± 0.00^d

39.40 ± 0.33^n

12.66 ± 0.32^qr

11.45 ± 0.09^no

1.17 ± 0.00^jkl

7.77 ± 0.04^g

9.13 ± 0.28^i

9

1.56 ± 0.02^q

1.33 ± 0.04^qr

16.67 ± 0.81^qr

2.10 ± 0.06^f

1.19 ± 0.03^i

3.29 ± 0.07^g

0.78 ± 0.01^f

45.06 ± 1.00^l

15.93 ± 0.59^klmn

13.46 ± 0.26^lm

1.42 ± 0.16^hi

9.60 ± 0.19^d

10.70 ± 0.15^gh

12

1.30 ± 0.03^r

1.13 ± 0.06^r

15.70 ± 0.32^r

0.55 ± 0.04^klm

0.41 ± 0.17^op

0.96 ± 0.13^mn

0.56 ± 0.01^h

56.39 ± 0.33^j

18.90 ± 0.57^gh

16.14 ± 0.16^gh

1.61 ± 0.09^gh

12.57 ± 0.22^b

13.30 ± 0.28^e

0

4.76 ± 0.02^cd

2.82 ± 0.08^fg

37.27 ± 0.43^e

1.63 ± 0.08^g

3.03 ± 0.01^b

4.66 ± 0.09^e

0.85 ± 0.02^e

32.55 ± 0.64^n

8.21 ± 0.39^tu

6.87 ± 0.00^r

0.87 ± 0.05^no

4.05 ± 0.16^n

4.12 ± 0.28^lm

3

3.95 ± 0.10^f

2.68 ± 0.05^ghi

34.74 ± 0.11^hi

1.02 ± 0.00^i

2.36 ± 0.03^de

3.38 ± 0.03^fg

0.65 ± 0.01^g

46.93 ± 1.20^l

17.94 ± 0.52^ghij

11.85 ± 0.06^n

1.00 ± 0.04^lmno

4.55 ± 0.01^m

9.13 ± 0.28^i

MTM-1

10

6

3.42 ± 0.02^g

2.61 ± 0.05^ghi

33.46 ± 0.33^ij

0.65 ± 0.02^k

1.08 ± 0.02^ij

1.73 ± 0.04^j

0.38 ± 0.01^k

67.24 ± 0.56^i

19.40 ± 1.20^fg

12.87 ± 0.34^m

1.31 ± 0.11^ijk

5.51 ± 0.48^k

10.24 ± 0.09^gh

9

3.05 ± 0.08^hi

2.50 ± 0.23^hijk

32.53 ± 0.50^jk

0.47 ± 0.02^lm

0.91 ± 0.04^jk

1.38 ± 0.02^k

0.31 ± 0.01^l

83.60 ± 1.19^de

22.13 ± 1.37^e

15.04 ± 0.13^j

1.36 ± 0.05^ij

6.91 ± 0.02^hi

15.25 ± 0.02^d

12

2.88 ± 0.13^ijk

2.47 ± 0.06^ijk

31.96 ± 0.03^k

0.27 ± 0.01^o

0.21 ± 0.00^qr

0.48 ± 0.02^pq

0.12 ± 0.00^o

91.58 ± 1.35^b

26.03 ± 0.80^cd

17.63 ± 0.15^f

1.51 ± 0.09^hi

8.93 ± 0.03^ef

17.76 ± 0.28^b

0

4.78 ± 0.09^cd

3.58 ± 0.08^bc

36.96 ± 0.35^ef

0.81 ± 0.03^j

1.25 ± 0.03^i

2.06 ± 0.02^hi

0.30 ± 0.01^l

66.13 ± 1.73^i

16.81 ± 0.16^ijkl

15.86 ± 0.10^hi

0.80 ± 0.08^o

3.70 ± 0.17^n

11.07 ± 0.74^fg

3

4.28 ± 0.07^e

3.40 ± 0.16^cd

35.47 ± 0.38^fgh

0.25 ± 0.01^o

0.69 ± 0.03^lm

0.95 ± 0.04^mn

0.14 ± 0.01^o

80.85 ± 0.36^fg

24.58 ± 0.71^d

21.51 ± 0.37^d

0.90 ± 0.06^mno

4.09 ± 0.01^n

11.91 ± 0.28^f

15

6

3.10 ± 0.10^hi

2.88 ± 0.05^fg

30.04 ± 0.16^l

0.18 ± 0.02^o

0.36 ± 0.01^opq

0.54 ± 0.02^op

0.08 ± 0.00^p

84.88 ± 1.32^de

27.39 ± 0.25^bc

26.19 ± 0.55^b

0.97 ± 0.03^lmno

4.96 ± 0.02^lm

13.86 ± 0.48^e

9

3.01 ± 0.07^hij

2.38 ± 0.09^jk

29.28 ± 0.33^l

0.15 ± 0.01^o

0.26 ± 0.01^pqr

0.41 ± 0.01^pq

0.07 ± 0.00^pqr

93.24 ± 1.54^b

28.34 ± 0.56^b

28.05 ± 0.25^a

1.29 ± 0.07^ijk

5.18 ± 0.09^kl

16.42 ± 0.36^c

12

2.49 ± 0.11^lm

1.95 ± 0.09^mn

25.23 ± 0.16^n

0.12 ± 0.01^o

0.16 ± 0.01^r

0.28 ± 0.01^q

0.06 ± 0.00^pqr

99.72 ± 1.54^a

30.47 ± 1.20^a

28.33 ± 0.04^a

1.48 ± 0.06^hi

6.67 ± 0.15^i

19.43 ± 0.28^a

0

2.70 ± 0.11^kl

2.22 ± 0.06^klm

30.43 ± 0.35^l

4.42 ± 0.10^a

3.20 ± 0.01^ab

7.63 ± 0.11^a

1.34 ± 0.01^a

23.74 ± 0.33^p

7.59 ± 0.30^u

3.44 ± 0.05^t

2.05 ± 0.13^f

6.86 ± 0.03^i

2.73 ± 0.28^o

3

2.78 ± 0.01^jk

2.48 ± 0.07^ijk

35.41 ± 0.34^gh

3.92 ± 0.04^b

2.49 ± 0.01^cd

6.41 ± 0.06^b

1.13 ± 0.02^c

29.06 ± 0.58^o

9.29 ± 0.30^stu

7.45 ± 0.03^r

2.86 ± 0.04^d

7.91 ± 0.02^g

4.80 ± 0.13^l

5

6

2.38 ± 0.09^mn

2.03 ± 0.01^lmn

27.41 ± 0.57^m

3.13 ± 0.02^d

2.27 ± 0.03^e

5.40 ± 0.04^c

0.75 ± 0.01^f

33.40 ± 0.88^m

10.45 ± 0.13^s

10.46 ± 0.30^p

3.13 ± 0.12^c

9.17 ± 0.06^e

7.84 ± 0.54^j

9

2.16 ± 0.09^no

1.90 ± 0.03^n

25.41 ± 0.37^n

3.10 ± 0.00^d

1.76 ± 0.03^g

4.86 ± 0.03^de

0.49 ± 0.01^i

40.07 ± 0.58^m

12.47 ± 0.54^r

13.68 ± 0.25^kl

3.48 ± 0.06^b

11.21 ± 0.11^c

10.68 ± 0.16^gh

12

1.83 ± 0.08^p

1.61 ± 0.06^op

21.37 ± 0.28^o

2.61 ± 0.03^e

0.86 ± 0.00^kl

3.47 ± 0.04^fg

0.43 ± 0.01^j

47.44 ± 1.84^l

14.58 ± 0.35^mnop

15.44 ± 0.08^ij

3.79 ± 0.09^a

14.67 ± 0.13^a

11.78 ± 0.13^f

0

4.42 ± 0.12^e

3.00 ± 0.08^ef

42.94 ± 0.55^c

1.76 ± 0.06^g

3.23 ± 0.02^a

4.99 ± 0.08^d

0.26 ± 0.01^m

47.39 ± 1.18^l

12.20 ± 0.36^r

10.91 ± 0.27^op

0.87 ± 0.03^no

6.85 ± 0.03^i

3.02 ± 0.01^no

3

5.56 ± 0.09^a

3.31 ± 0.09^cd

51.12 ± 0.98^a

1.33 ± 0.01^h

2.27 ± 0.00^e

3.60 ± 0.02^f

0.19 ± 0.00^n

53.07 ± 1.41^k

13.20 ± 0.31pqr

12.02 ± 0.02^n

1.08 ± 0.05^klmn

7.30 ± 0.08^h

6.07 ± 0.56^k

MTM-2

10

6

4.75 ± 0.06^cd

3.20 ± 0.06^de

45.04 ± 0.58^b

1.29 ± 0.03^h

2.08 ± 0.02^f

3.37 ± 0.02^fg

0.13 ± 0.01^o

65.12 ± 0.57^i

14.33 ± 0.17^nopq

13.49 ± 0.07^lm

1.77 ± 0.04^g

8.65 ± 0.13^f

9.96 ± 0.04^hi

9

3.98 ± 0.08^f

2.50 ± 0.03^hijk

39.43 ± 0.32^d

0.62 ± 0.02^kl

1.25 ± 0.02^i

1.87 ± 0.03^ij

0.12 ± 0.01^o

78.65 ± 0.80^g

15.25 ± 0.54^lmno

14.96 ± 0.03^j

2.47 ± 0.10^e

11.03 ± 0.02^c

11.74 ± 0.08^f

12

3.16 ± 0.09^h

2.06 ± 0.01^lmn

35.95 ± 0.57^efgh

0.19 ± 0.00^o

0.67 ± 0.03^m

0.86 ± 0.03^mn

0.05 ± 0.00^qr

85.83 ± 0.29^cd

17.47 ± 0.76^hijk

16.10 ± 0.56^gh

2.77 ± 0.13^d

12.23 ± 0.34^b

13.02 ± 0.05^e

0

4.38 ± 0.09^e

3.75 ± 0.10^ab

39.65 ± 0.34^d

0.64 ± 0.01^k

1.47 ± 0.03^h

2.12 ± 0.03^h

0.25 ± 0.01^m

56.16 ± 0.36^j

13.99 ± 0.23^opqr

11.71 ± 0.24^n

0.76 ± 0.04^o

4.72 ± 0.11^m

3.76 ± 0.05^mn

3

5.32 ± 0.04^b

3.98 ± 0.24^a

45.70 ± 0.08^b

0.50 ± 0.01^klm

0.77 ± 0.01^klm

1.27 ± 0.00^kl

0.14 ± 0.00^o

72.17 ± 0.61^h

15.37 ± 0.27^lmno

14.15 ± 0.08^k

0.97 ± 0.03^lmno

4.88 ± 0.06^lm

6.07 ± 0.28^k

15

6

4.98 ± 0.14^c

3.36 ± 0.05^cd

44.67 ± 0.33^b

0.44 ± 0.01^mn

0.61 ± 0.01^mn

1.06 ± 0.01^lm

0.07 ± 0.00^pq

82.48 ± 0.88^ef

16.32 ± 0.27^jklm

16.74 ± 0.19^g

1.28 ± 0.05^ijk

6.07 ± 0.03^j

14.97 ± 0.28^d

9

4.66 ± 0.14^d

3.30 ± 0.08^cd

39.33 ± 0.33^d

0.29 ± 0.01^no

0.48 ± 0.00^no

0.78 ± 0.01^no

0.07 ± 0.00^pqr

87.71 ± 0.33^c

18.37 ± 0.33^ghi

20.08 ± 0.06^e

1.83 ± 0.01^g

7.91 ± 0.04g

15.53 ± 0.10^d

12

4.03 ± 0.09^f

2.78 ± 0.07^fgh

36.77 ± 0.24^efg

0.27 ± 0.01^o

0.22 ± 0.01^qr

0.49 ± 0.00^pq

0.04 ± 0.00^r

92.82 ± 0.66^b

20.97 ± 0.02^ef

24.72 ± 0.03^c

2.05 ± 0.04^f

9.29 ± 0.09^de

17.47 ± 0.28^b

All the values represent mean + S.E. and values that show the same superscript letter in the same column are not significantly different at 𝑃≤0.05.
SFW: shoot fresh weight; RDW: root dry weight; Chl. a: chlorophyll a; Chl. b: chlorophyll b; Car.: carotenoids; Anth.: anthocyanin.
MDA: malendialdehyde; RMP: relative membrane permeability; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; TAA: total free amino acids.