Assessment of Fatty Liver Syndrome and Its Predisposing Factors in a Dairy Herd from Venezuela

Table 1

Ingredients and nutritional composition of supplied total mixed rations (TMR).

	Prepartum TMR	Postpartum TMR
	% dry basis
Ingredients
Corn silage	11.0	20.5
Wheat bran	6.6	—
Corn meal	19.5	14.9
Fish meal	1.1	—
Soybean meal	3.8	9.8
Distiller grains	6.3	8.7
Bermuda hay	25.0	15.1
Citrus pulp	9.2	7.6
Mineral mix	2.7	—
Brewer’s yeast	14.2	19.8
Others	3.2	3.6
Chemical composition
DM	42.0	43.7
OM	91.6	91.7
CP	13.3	16.1
EE	3.1	5.4
NFC*	29.1	33.3
NDF	53.3	43.4
ADF	30.0	22.9
NDICP	7.1	6.5
ADICP	2.6	2.0
NEL Mcal/kg DM**	1.38	1.48

Other: sulfur flower (0.1%), phosphate 18 (prepartum diet = 0.5% and postpartum diet = 0.9%), niacin (prepartum diet = 0.05% and postpartum diet = 0.03%), calcium carbonate (postpartum diet = 0.6%), sodium bicarbonate (postpartum diet = 1.3%), sodium chloride (postpartum diet = 0.5%), sodium monensin (postpartum diet = 0.01%), yeast-sac (postpartum diet = 0.09%), and vitamins (postpartum diet = 0.05%). DM: dry matter, OM: organic matter, CP: crude protein, EE: ether extract, NFC: nonfiber carbohydrates, NDF: neutral detergent fiber, ADF: acid detergent fiber, NDICP: neutral detergent insoluble crude protein, ADICP: acid detergent insoluble crude protein.
*NFC calculated by difference: 100 − [NDF − NDICP] + CP + EE + ash.
**NE_L Mcal/kg = (0.703 × ME − 0.19) + [(0.097 × ME + 0.19)/0.97] × (EE − 3) (NRC, 2001 [9]).