Research Article

An Exploratory Study of the Elements of Successful Service Dog Partnerships in the Workplace

Table 2

Brainstormed elements of successful service dog partnerships in the workplace organized by clusters ( ).

ClusterId #StatementBridging

(1) Dog preparation0.50
1The dog is well behaved; controlled by vocal command.0.33
38That the service dog has received training appropriate for the specific workplace.0.47
39Maintenance of behavior and task completion is expected of the service dog team.0.49
41The use of service dog program trainers to do annual maintenance checks and address problems as they occur.0.70
Count = 4, Std. Dev. = 0.13, Variance = 0.02, Min = 0.33, Max = 0.70, Median = 0.48.

(2) Monitoring0.30
17 The person who is bringing the dog into the workplace must take responsibility for the dog's behavior and reinforce appropriate boundaries with colleagues.0.31
33The employee provides proper physical maintenance of the animal, to include grooming, bathing, and feeding to minimize smells and shedding.0.00
36 That the employee assumes responsibility to balance the need to interact with the dog throughout the workplace, maintain appropriate work productivity, and minimize disruption of the worksite.0.27
43 The person with the service dog needs to be able to reinforce the dog's skills and use a “no excuse for bad behavior” policy.0.27
48 A willingness of both the dog and the employee to work together.0.61
58 The ability to cite examples of how a service dog benefits may benefit the employer, through reduction in stress among employees, public relations, and so forth.0.33
60 An understanding of the employee/applicant's knowledge of training and dog handling.0.21
61 The dog's ability to be invisibly present at work (not distracting or stressed).0.52
62 Employee/applicant ability to maintain training rules and regulations in order to maintain the dog's behavior around colleagues and others.0.15
Count = 9, Std. Dev. = 0.17, Variance = 0.03, Min = 0.00, Max = 0.61, Median = 0.61.

(3) Employee competence0.18
3An understanding by the service dog owner that permission to have a service dog in the workplace must be agreed upon by the employer prior to the dog entering the workplace.0.23
12 For those who are already working, having a discussion with the employer as part of the decision to obtain a service dog.0.30
25 That the employee or job applicant is able to articulate a well-founded argument for the use of a service dog in the workplace as a reasonable accommodation.0.07
26 The employee or job applicant is able to articulate the specific job related or supportive task(s) that will include the service dog.0.07
31 The employee or job applicant is able to outline specific needs of the animal in the workplace, including breaks for walks, water, food, and bathroom breaks.0.18
34 An understanding of the consequences if the employee does not maintain proper control or maintenance of the service dog.0.22
37 The job applicant with a service dog is prepared to address behavior of interviewers that reveals a lack of understanding of service dog etiquette, that is, petting the dog.0.12
40 If the dog has been owner trained, that the handler has written documentation of the training which may include obedience classes, special sessions with trainers, and reinforcement procedures.0.16
46 That the dog is identifiable through the use of a service dog vest, cape, or harness.0.24
56 A process for ensuring the dog handler can provide testing and certification or evidence of training which establishes the dog is a service dog.0.27
66A procedure for addressing alternative accommodationsif the dog is not able to be present (e.g., during illness).0.17
68 That there is a procedure for verifying that the dog has had appropriate vaccinations and health maintenance.0.15
Count = 12, Std. Dev. = 0.07, Variance = 0.01, Min = 0.07, Max = 0.30, Median = 0.17.

(4) Legal knowledge0.25
4An informed understanding by employer and employee or applicant of the parameters, including limits, regarding the person with disabilities’ legal rights, both state and federal, to the use of service dogs in the workplace.0.21
5 An understanding among employer, supervisor, and coworkers of practices that are legally deemed discriminatory.0.18
6 An informed understanding of the employer’s legal responsibilities and rights related to the decisions associated with a service dog team in the workplace.0.18
7 An informed understanding of any related insurance and workers compensation implications and requirements of the employer.0.33
8 Clear communication between supervisor and employee regarding needs of both parties related to work performance standards.0.16
9 An established collaborative procedure for communication within the workplace among coworkers, service dog partner and any related customer interaction, and so forth, regarding issues, problems, and suggestions.0.25
13 A supportive procedure for allowing the employee to participate in an intensive 2 to 4 week training program with a new service dog.0.24
15 A procedure for establishing options in response to coworkers who are allergic to animals.0.30
16 A procedure for establishing areas within the workplace that a service dog cannot go.0.31
28 If the person will work in an office setting, workspace is provided that is close to a door or out of high traffic areas.0.34
35 The employer understands the need for and the process used to address misbehavior by the dog, to include having a private or quiet place to address the issue.0.24
54 Protocols for human resource departments in large companies or agencies to use when interviewing people with service dogs.0.18
55 A system for allowing “play breaks” for the service dog to exercise and “blow off” the energy they bottle up in the work environment.0.42
64 A system for notifying potential customers of the presence of a service dog in the place of business.0.21
65 Standard operating procedures in place to effectively distinguish between service dogs and pets to prevent other employees from attempting to bring nonservice dogs into work environment.0.33
67 Flexibility to allow the dog handler to have time to address any health problems that arise for the service dog (use of sick leave).0.14
Count = 16, Std. Dev. = 0.08, Variance = 0.01, Min = 0.14, Max = 0.42, Median = 0.31.

(5) Information and education0.47
2 If the type of job may require the service dog to go into environments other than one workplace, the dog/handler team needs a means to educate in different professional settings.0.67
18 Training and information for employers on what it means to have a service dog in the workplace.0.45
22 A willingness on the part of employer to consider allowing a service dog at work and not immediately deny access on potentially unfounded concerns.0.20
27 A job analysis is done to determine the specific tasks associated with the position, identification of those tasks that need accommodation and where the dog will provide assistance.0.54
42 To have the service dog trainer initially assess the workplace and provide suggestions for problem areas.1.00
44 The knowledge that service dogs in the workplace break down barriers and facilitate positive social interactions and workplace relationships.0.29
45 An understanding of the fact that animals present in the workplace can ameliorate stress.0.25
47 An employer who understands that the service dog interaction is part of mitigating limitations associated with a disability, is a type of assistive device.0.28
49 The availability of educational materials about service dog teams in the workplace for potential employers and job seekers.0.53
50 The availability of educational workshops and information about use of service dogs in the workplace at workforce development conferences at the state and national levels.0.59
51 The involvement of vocational rehabilitation counselors and resources to assist both the business and individual in the modification or adaptation of the workplace.0.39
52 The involvement of vocational rehabilitation counselors to help with the negotiation or address any communication problems related to the use of the service dog.0.40
53 The awareness of the secondary benefits of having a service dog team in their corporation, which may include positive public relations.0.41
57 An understanding in the workplace that service dogs alert in a wide variety of ways, including sitting and staring, pawing, placing head on lap, leaning, nosing, and so forth.0.47
59 Dog enhances employee productivity; ensuring the dog does not distract employee from performing essential functions of the job.0.65
63 An understanding of what safety or health concerns for customers may exist if a dog is present at work (i.e., a service dog may not be appropriate in a kitchen).0.33
Count = 16, Std. Dev. = 0.19, Variance = 0.04, Min = 0.20, Max = 1.00, Median = 0.41.

(6) Coworker preparation0.35
10 An employer demonstrating leadership through support of the service dog team by educating coworkers before the team enters the workplace, fielding concerns, complaints, and questions.0.28
11 The establishment and respecting of boundaries for the service dog, handler, coworkers, and customers.0.38
14 To engage workplace partners to feel a sense of ownership, pride, and support for the service dog team in a way that respects the team's autonomy and privacy.0.43
19 Orientation session for personnel to address the dog, breed and name, and the tasks the dog will perform.0.59
20 Orientation for personnel to address the roles and responsibilities of the handler in the care of the service dog.0.52
21 Orientation for personnel regarding the rules of service dog etiquette to include the fact that this is a service dog not a pet, speak to the person and not dog, and do not feed or pet animal without handler's permission.0.52
23 A tone set by the supervisor that values and appreciates what a service dog team brings to the employment setting, modeling for the entire workforce.0.16
24 The modeling of appropriate behavior and responses to the dog and person in the service dog team by the employer and supervisor(s).0.35
29 In the case of coworkers with allergies, air purifiers are provided and the work area is cleaned regularly to minimize problems related to having a dog in the workplace.0.22
30 In the case of coworkers or others who have a fear of dogs, a procedure for addressing ways to maximize their ability to avoid the dog.0.18
32 A work environment that is able to respond with flexibility to the needs of the animal.0.21
Count = 11, Std. Dev. = 0.14, Variance = 0.02, Min = 0.1, Max = 0.59, Median = 0.52.

Note. The bridging value, ranging from 0 to 1, provides information on how often a statement was sorted with others that are close to it or disparate on the map. Lower bridging values indicate closer relationships while higher means there is less of a relationship between the statements in the cluster. It correlates with the average rating. Abbreviations used in the table include: Std, Dev. is standard deviation; Min. is minimum rating on a 0-1 scale; Max. is maximum rating on 0-1 scale; Median is median rating on a 0-1 scale.