Acquired Carotid-Jugular Fistula: Its Changing History and Management

Table 1

Reported cases of acquired carotid-jugular fistula (2000–2012).

Authors	Age/Sex	Cause	Symptoms	Arterial supply	Venous drainage	Treatment	Outcome
Talwar et al., 2000 [27]	35/M	Gunshot injury	Pulsatile swelling, thrill	Left ICA	Left IJV	CPB IJV repair	Cured
Ezri et al., 2001 [38]	75/M	IJV cannulation	Pulsatile mass	Right CCA	Right IJV	Open surgical repair	Cured
Droll and Lossing, 2004 [39]	61/M	Double lumen catheter	Loud murmur, thrill	Right CCA	Right IJV	Open surgical repair	Cured
Hazinedaroglu et al., 2004 [40]	42/M	Shotgun injury	Headache, cervical thrill	Right CCA	Right IJV	Open surgical repair	Cured
Vera et al., 2005 [41]	78/M	Double lumen catheter		Right CCA	Right IJV	Endovascular stent graft	Cured
Erkut et al., 2005 [54]	48/M	IJV cannulation	Loud murmur, thrill	Left ICA	Left IJV	Open surgical repair	Cured
Ezemba et al., 2006 [42]	10/M	Gunshot injury	pulsatile swelling, thrill, bruit	Right CCA	Right IJV	Unknown	NA
	24/M	Gunshot injury	Thrill, bruit	Right CCA	Right IJV	Open surgical repair	Cured
Bawazeer et al., 2006 [43]		Double lumen catheter		CCA	IJV	Endovascular stent graft	Cured
Kaitzis et al., 2006 [44]		Double lumen catheter	Haematoma	CCA	IJV	Catheter removal	Cured
Sharma et al., 2006 [45]	75/F	Cannulation	Carotid bruit dilated cadiomyopathy	ECA	IJV	Repair refused
López-Quiñones et al., 2006 [46]	68/F	IJV cannulation		CCA	IJV	Covered stent	Cured
Jayaraman et al., 2007 [55]	21/M	Gunshot injury	Pulsatile swelling	Left ICA; Left cavernous ICA	Left IJV; Left cavernous Sinus	n-BCA embolization	Cured
	27/M	Stab injury		Right VA	Right IJV	n-BCA embolization	Cured
Dell’Amore et al., 2009 [47]	40/M	Closed trauma car accident	pulsatile swelling	Left ECA	Left IJV	Open surgical repair	Cured
Kong et al., 2010 [49]	77/M	Gunshot injury	Pulsatile mass, dyspnea, chest pain	Right CCA	Right IJV	Endovascular stent graft
Clevert et al., 2010 [50]	66/F	IJV cannulation		Left CCA	Left IJV	NA	NA
Wadhwa et al., 2012 [53]	82/F	IJV cannulation	Acute shortness of breath	Right CCA	Right IJV	Endovascular multiple stents	Cured
Patel et al., 2011 [51]	38/F	Double lumen catheter	Pulsating subclavicular mass, thrill, and bruit	Right CCA	Right IJV	Open surgical repair	Cured
Bahcebasi et al., 2011 [52]	76/F	IJV cannulation	Septic shock, cerebral infarct	Left CCA	Left IJV	Catheter removal	Died
Chan et al., 2012 [48]	4/F	IJV cannulation	Fever	Right CCA	Right IJV	Open surgical repair	Cured
Gong et al., 2012 [9]	unknown/F	Double lumen catheter	Murmur, pulsatile swelling, and thrill	Right CCA	Right IJV	Open surgical repair	Cured
Unal et al., 2012 [56]	28/M	Gunshot injury		Left ICA	Left IJV
Our observation 2012	51/M	Stab injury	Swelling, thrill, and bruit	Right CCA	Right IJV	Open surgical repair	Cured

CCA: common carotid artery; ICA: internal carotid artery; ECA: external carotid artery; IJV: internal jugular vein; VA: vertebral artery; NA: not available; n-BCA: n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate.