Carbon and Water in Upper Montane Soils and Their Influences on Vegetation in Southern Brazil

Table 1

Soil properties of the upper montane ecosystems in Caratuva, southern Brazil.

Horizon	Depth.	Color	pH	Al^+3	H^+ + Al^+3	Ca^+2	Mg^+2	K^+	S	CEC	P	BS	𝑚	Ca/Mg	*Factor cmolc dm^−3 to cmolc kg^−1
	cm		CaCl2	cmolc dm^−3							mg dm^−3	%	%
Profile 1: grassland: lithic hemic/sapric folic histosol
O1	0−20	10YR 3/3	3.3	1.4	22.5	1.5	1.3	0.6	3.4	25.9	13.0	13	29	1.2	2.6
O2	20−30	N2/	2.9	13.1	57.0	0.5	0.2	0.1	0.8	57.8	3.8	1	94	2.5	2.0
Profile 2: grassland: typic hemic/sapric haplic histosol
O1	0−20	10YR 3/3	3.1	1.8	29.3	0.7	0.8	0.5	2.0	31.3	13.9	6	48	0.9	2.6
O2	22−49		3.0	3.6	45.5	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.5	46.0	9.2	1	87	1.0	2.6
H1	49−55		2.9	15.2	53.0	0.2	0.1	0.02	0.3	53.3	3.8	1	98	2.0	2.0
Cg	55−70		3.4	7.4	19.0	0.2	0.1	0.05	0.4	19.4	3.2	2	95	2.0	1.0
Profile 3: forest: “gleysolic” leptic dystrophic regosol
O	0−15	10YR 2/1	2.6	3.1	41.6	0.4	0.6	0.3	1.3	42.9	16.6	3	70	0.7	2.7
Big	15−28	10YR 5/2	3.4	2.7	9.7	0.1	0.1	0.05	0.3	10.0	2.2	3	92	1.0	1.0
C	28−57	10YR 5/4; (mottles) 10YR 5/7	3.9	2.1	8.4	0.2	0.1	0.04	0.3	8.7	1.2	4	86	2.0	1.0

∗Transforming factor from cmol_c dm⁻³ to cmol_c kg⁻¹ calculated based on the inverse of the density of the prepared sample for the analysis of each horizon.