The BB Wistar Rat as a Diabetic Model for Fracture Healing

Table 1

Comparison of percent torque to failure and stiffness using a BB Wistar rat femur fracture model treated with the application of various adjuvants. Mechanical testing was performed after 6 weeks of treatment.

Study	Treatment	𝑛	% Torque to failure	% Stiffness
Beam et al., 2002 [25]	DM+, loose glucose control (BG > 300 mg/dL)	6	25±10	29±18
Beam et al., 2002 [25]	DM+, tight glucose control (BG < 170 mg/dL)	5	53±13	80±34
Gebauer et al., 2002 [37]	DM+, LIPUS	5	43±8	55±21
Gandhi et al., 2005 [36]	DM+, insulin	5	54±13	80±34
Gandhi et al., 2006 [38]	DM+, PRP	6	51±14	49±24
Al-Zube et al., 2009 [39]	DM+, low dose rhPDGF-BB (22 𝜇g)	7	72±32	93±28
Al-Zube et al., 2009 [39]	DM+, high dose rhPDGF-BB (75 𝜇g)	7	56±32	52±29
Average of controls from cited studies	DM+, no treatment	32	37.6±15.8	35.6±17.8

Loose glucose control: blood glucose levels > 300 mg/dL, tight glucose control: blood glucose levels < 170 mg/dL, DM: diabetes mellitus, LIPUS: low-intensity pulsed ultrasound, PRP: platelet-rich plasma, rhPDGF: recombinant human PDGF-BB.