Clinical Study
Similar Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in Native and Nonnative Dutch Women with Pregestational Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicentre Retrospective Study
Table 1
General characteristics of the study population.
values were calculated between the two ethnic groups.
| Maternal characteristics | Native Dutch, | % | Nonnative Dutch, | % | |
| Mean (SD) age in yrs | | | | | 0.829 | Mean (SD) body mass index in kg/m2 | | | | | 0.096 | Median () GA at 1st booking in weeks | 8.0 (6.0–10.3) | | 11.5 (8.0–19.0) | | <0.001 | Alcohol use | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | n/a | Smoking habits | 11 | 13.8 | 11 | 5.7 | 0.06 | Nulliparous | 22 | 27.5 | 34 | 17.7 | 0.079 | Median () duration of diabetes (yrs) | 2.0 (1.0–5.8) | | 1.0 (0.0–3.0) | | 0.004 | Chronic complications | | | | | | Retinopathy | 3 | 3.8 | 7 | 3.6 | 0.657 | Neuropathy | 1 | 1.3 | 2 | 1.0 | 0.65 | Nephropathy | 2 | 2.5 | 4 | 2.1 | 0.569 | Cardiovascular | 2 | 2.5 | 2 | 1.0 | 0.338 | Preconceptional treatment of diabetes | | | | | <0.001 | No | 22 | 27.5 | 80 | 41.7 | | Oral | 9 | 11.3 | 64 | 30.3 | | IIT | 36 | 45.0 | 36 | 18.8 | | CSII | 6 | 7.5 | 1 | 0.5 | | Unknown | 7 | 8.8 | 11 | 5.7 | | Glycemic control | | | | | | Median () HbA1c preconceptional | 48 (39–59) ()* | | 52 (45–68) ()* | | 0.04 | Median () HbA1c first trimester | 45 (36–57) ()* | | 53 (43–66) ()* | | 0.001 | Median () HbA1c second trimester | 37 (34–43) ()* | | 45 (40–53) ()* | | <0.001 | Median () HbA1c third trimester | 40 (34–44) ()* | | 42 (40–51) ()* | | <0.001 | Median () HbA1c during pregnancy | 41 (36–48) ()* | | 48 (41–56) ()* | | <0.001 | Mean (SD) birth weight in grams | | | | | 0.857 |
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Number of available HbA1c samples.
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