Electrical Conduction in (Na_0.5Bi_0.5)_1−𝑥Ba_𝑥TiO₃(0≤𝑥≤1) Ceramic by Complex Impedance/Modulus Spectroscopy

Table 2

Grain (bulk)/(grain-boundary) resistances (𝑅_𝑔/𝑅_gb), capacitances (𝐶_𝑔/𝐶_gb), and the corresponding relaxation times (𝜏_𝑔/𝜏_gb) at 450°C for (1−𝑥)BNT-𝑥BT ceramic.

Composition	𝑅𝑔	Rgb	𝐶𝑔	𝐶gb	𝜏𝑔	𝜏gb
BNT	0.28 MΩ	0.47 MΩ	1.12 nF	1.14 nF	0.34 ms	0.54 ms
0.98BNT-0.02BT	0.68 MΩ	0.97 MΩ	0.69 nF	0.82 nF	0.47 ms	0.80 ms
0.96BNT-0.04BT	8.91 MΩ	—	—	—	—	—
0.95BNT-0.05BT	0.16 MΩ	0.29 MΩ	0.03 nF	1.73 nF	4.00 µs	0.50 ms
0.94BNT-0.06BT	0.22 MΩ	0.49 MΩ	0.62 nF	2.46 nF	0.14 ms	1.17 ms
0.92BNT-0.08BT	0.18 MΩ	0.32 MΩ	0.003 nF	2.64 nF	0.47 µs	0.86 ms
0.90BNT-0.10BT	0.35 MΩ	0.63 MΩ	2.11 nF	2.16 nF	0.74 ms	1.36 ms