Diagnostic Value of the Combined Measurement of Serum Hcy, Serum Cys C, and Urinary Microalbumin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Early Complicating Diabetic Nephropathy

Table 1

Sera Hcy and Cys C levels and UMAER (mean ± SD) in diabetic patients and control subjects.

Group	n	Hcy (μmol/L)	Cys C (mg/L)	UAER (mg/24 h urine)
Control	56	7.3 ± 4.0	0.9 ± 0.4	12.0 ± 6.4
SDM	51	9.4 ± 5.1*	1.1 ± 0.6*	19.4 ± 7.7**
EDN	60	15.5 ± 7.7^**△	2.0 ± 1.2^**△	141.9 ± 83.9^**△
CDN	57	28.7 ± 15.6^**▲	3.5 ± 1.7^**▲	584.7 ± 334.7^**▲

Hcy: homocysteine; Cys C: cystatin C; UMAER: urine microalbumin excretion rate; SDM: simple diabetes mellitus; EDN: early diabetic nephropathy; CDN: clinical diabetic nephropathy. *𝑃<0.05 and **𝑃<0.01 for diabetic patients versus control subjects; ^△𝑃<0.01 for EDN versus SDM; ^▲𝑃<0.01 for CDN versus EDN.