Optimization of GMAW Process Parameters Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 4

Design matrix and observed values of clad bead geometry.

Trial no.	Design matrix					Bead parameters
	I	S	N	T	Ac	W (mm)	P (mm)	R (mm)	D (%)
1	−1	−1	−1	−1	1	6.9743	1.67345	6.0262	10.72091
2	1	−1	−1	−1	−1	7.6549	1.9715	5.88735	12.16746
3	−1	1	−1	−1	−1	6.3456	1.6986	5.4519	12.74552
4	1	1	−1	−1	1	7.7635	1.739615	6.0684	10.61078
5	−1	−1	1	−1	−1	7.2683	2.443	5.72055	16.67303
6	1	−1	1	−1	1	9.4383	2.4905	5.9169	15.96692
7	−1	1	1	−1	−1	6.0823	2.4672	5.49205	16.5894
8	1	1	1	−1	−1	8.4666	2.07365	5.9467	14.98494
9	−1	−1	−1	1	−1	6.3029	1.5809	5.9059	10.2749
10	1	−1	−1	1	1	7.0136	1.5662	5.9833	9.707297
11	−1	1	−1	1	1	6.2956	1.58605	5.5105	11.11693
12	1	1	−1	1	−1	7.741	1.8466	5.8752	11.4273
13	−1	−1	1	1	1	7.3231	2.16475	5.72095	15.29097
14	1	−1	1	1	−1	9.6171	2.69495	6.37445	18.54077
15	−1	1	1	1	−1	6.6335	2.3089	5.554	17.23138
16	1	1	1	1	1	10.514	2.7298	5.4645	20.8755
17	−2	0	0	0	0	6.5557	1.99045	5.80585	13.65762
18	2	0	0	0	0	7.4772	2.5737	6.65505	15.74121
19	0	−2	0	0	0	7.5886	2.50455	6.4069	15.77816
20	0	2	0	0	0	7.5014	2.1842	5.6782	16.82349
21	0	0	−2	0	0	6.1421	1.3752	6.0976	8.941799
22	0	0	2	0	0	8.5647	3.18536	5.63655	22.94721
23	0	0	0	−2	0	7.9575	2.2018	5.8281	15.74941
24	0	0	0	2	0	7.7085	1.85885	6.07515	13.27285
25	0	0	0	0	−2	7.8365	2.3577	5.74915	16.63287
26	0	0	0	0	2	8.2082	2.3658	5.99005	16.38043
27	0	0	0	0	0	7.9371	2.1362	6.0153	15.18374
28	0	0	0	0	0	8.4371	2.17145	5.69895	14.82758
29	0	0	0	0	0	9.323	3.1425	5.57595	22.8432
30	0	0	0	0	0	9.2205	3.2872	5.61485	23.6334
31	0	0	0	0	0	10.059	2.86605	5.62095	21.55264
32	0	0	0	0	0	8.9953	2.72068	5.7052	19.60811

W: width; P: penetration; R: reinforcement; D: dilution %.