Optimization of GMAW Process Parameters Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Table 5

Analysis of variance for testing adequacy of the model.

Parameter	1st order terms		2nd order terms		Lack of fit		Error terms		F-ratio	R-ratio	Whether model is adequate
	SS	DF	SS	DF	SS	DF	SS	DF
W	36.889	20	6.233	11	3.513	6	2.721	5	1.076	3.390	Adequate
P	7.810	20	0.404	11	0.142	6	0.261	5	0.454	7.472	Adequate
R	1.921	20	0.572	11	0.444	6	0.128	5	2.885	3.747	Adequate
D	506.074	20	21.739	11	6.289	6	15.45	5	0.339	8.189	Adequate

SS: sum of squares; DF: degree of freedom; F ratio (6, 5, 0.5) = 3.40451; R ratio (20, 5, 0.05) = 3.20665.