Research Article

Predictors of Emotional Distress and Wellbeing 2–5 Years After Stroke

Table 1

Demographic, injury-related and psychosocial variables for 68 participants with stroke. Numbers are (%) unless specified otherwise.

(%)

Mean age in years (SD), range 58.4 (11.7), 23–85
Gender
 Female25 (37%)
 Male43 (63%)
Mean years of education (SD), range11.9 (3.1), 7–18
Side of lesion
 Right hemisphere 28 (41%)
 Left hemisphere40 (59%)
Earlier strokes
 Yes2 (3%)
 No64 (94%)
 Missing2 (3%)
Mean duration of illness in months (SD), range3.5 (1.1), 1.5–5.4
Practical and cognitive function during rehabilitation at Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital
 Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) mean (SD), range31 (0.8), 2–4
 MRS > 244 (65%)
 Dependence in ADL
  Verbal communication (dependent)20 (29%)
  Toileting and continence (dependent)9 (13%)
   Dressing (dependent)16 (24%)
  Indoors mobility (dependent)11 (16%)
 Overall cognitive function: severity of cognitive
 deficits
  Mild (all cognitive functions < 2 SD below the
  mean)
21 (31%)
  Moderate (some focal deficits 2 SD below the
  mean)
25 (37%)
  Severe (general + some focal deficits 2 SD
  below the mean)
14 (21%)
  Global (all cognitive functions 2 SD below
  the mean)
8 (12%)
 Block Assembly, age-scaled score ( ),
 mean (SD), and range
6.9 (1.8), 0–15
 Raven’s Coloured Matrices, t score ( ),
 mean (SD), and range
44.7 (19.0), 0–81
Occupational status at followup
 Employment16 (24%)
 Disability pension32 (47%)
 Age retirement20 (29%)
Civic status at followup
 Single (widowed/divorced/never married)17 (25%)
 Married/cohabitant51 (75%)
Self-reported satisfaction at followup (yes, clearly satisfied)
 Psychosocial support from proxies ( )60 (89%)
 Community home service and rehabilitation
 services ( )
44 (67%)
 Self-reported emotional distress at followup
 (HADS > 10)
28 (41%)
 Self-reported wellbeing at followup
 (GHQ-30 < 6)
31 (46%)

Moderate disability, requiring some help, but able to look after own affairs.