Performance and Emission Analysis of a CI Engine in Dual Mode with LPG and Karanja Oil Methyl Ester

Table 2

Measurement range and accuracy of AVL 444 gas analyzer.

Measured quality	Measuring range	Resolution	Accuracy
CO	0–10% vol.	0.01% vol.	<0.6% vol: ±0.03% vol.; ≥0.6% vol: ±5% of ind value
CO2	0–20% vol.	0.1% vol.	<10% vol: ±0.5% vol.; ≥10% vol: ±5% vol.
HC	0–20000 ppm vol	≤2000 : 1 ppm vol.; >2000 : 10 ppm vol.	<200 ppm vol: ±10 ppm vol.; ≥200 ppm vol: ±5% of ind. val.
O2	0–22% vol.	0.01% vol.	<2% vol: ±0.1% vol.; ≥2% vol: ±5% vol.
NO	0–5000 ppm vol.	1 ppm vol.	<500 ppm vol: ±50 ppm vol.; ≥500 ppm vol: ±10% of ind. val.
Engine speed	400–6000 min^−1	1 min^−1	±1% of ind. val.
Oil temperature	−30–125°C	1°C	±4°C
Lambda	0–9.999	0.001	Calculation of CO, CO2, HC, O2