PSO-Based PID Controller Design for a Class of Stable and Unstable Systems

Table 1

Optimized PID parameters for Example 1.

𝑊	Best values	Iteration number	𝐾𝑝	𝐾𝑖	𝐾𝑑
0.5	1	58	0.6749	0.6525	0.0228
	2	35	0.6800	0.6415	0.0170
	3	41	0.6904	0.6965	0.0332
0.75	1	45	0.6976	0.6597	0.1136
	2	43	0.8579	0.6827	0.0781
	3	52	0.5779	0.6413	0.0812
1	1	44	0.4885	0.839	0.1013
	2	39	0.6781	0.9102	0.2954
	3	63	1.0119	0.7781	0.1377