An Emerging Dimension in Psychosomatic Research: The Nocebo Phenomenon in the Management of Chronic Pain

Table 3

Effect of multiple psychosocial variables on the outcome of 6 months pain treatment.

	NRS (T0–T6)
	𝑟^2	𝐹	𝑡
Baseline independent; variables (𝑛=11)	0.60	35.45****
Nocebo (Δ)			2.11*
Cold pain threshold			1.86
Cold pain tolerance			−3.55***
Intensity of pain (NRS T0)			12.72 ****
SSAS total			0.79
General hypochondriasis			0.75
Disease conviction			1.85
Affective disturbance			−4–44 ****
Denial			3.22**
Irritability			−0.85
Somatization			−9.17****

Multiple regression analysis: 𝑟: regression coefficient; Δ nocebo: variation of nocebo response between steps; total SSAS: Somato Sensory Amplification Scale total scoring.