Implementation Interventions Used in Nursing Homes and Hospitals: A Descriptive, Comparative Study between Austria, Germany, and The Netherlands

Table 3

Mean number of professional, organisational, financial and regulatory implementation interventions.

	Professional; interventions; (𝑛=22)		Organisational; interventions; (𝑛=19)		Financial; intervention; (𝑛=1)		Regulatory; interventions; (𝑛=4)
	Nursing homes	Hospitals	Nursing homes	Hospitals	Nursing homes	Hospitals	Nursing homes	Hospitals
Pressure ulcers
Austria	11.0	12.1	9.0	9.5	6.5%	8.0%	1.2	.8
Germany	10.9	13.2	8.8	9.7	7.1%	20.0%	1.5	1.3
The Netherlands	11.6	11.6	9.0	9.6	28.2%	39.4%	1.9	1.6
F-values*	.412	1.231	.122	.046	8.122	6.568	5.438	4.493
P-values	.663	.296	.885	.995	<.001	.002	.005	.013
Malnutrition
Austria	10.3	9.1	8.3	7.5	6.5%	6.0%	1.0	.6
Germany	10.3	7.3	8.4	5.6	3.0%	11.4%	1.6	.7
The Netherlands	8.3	7.5	7.2	6.6	12.8%	27.3%	1.8	1.1
F-values*	3.876	1.533	2.022	1.887	2.401	4.108	9.820	2.819
P-values	.022	.220	.135	.156	.093	.019	<.001	.064
Incontinence
Austria	10.9	—	8.6	—	6.5%	—	1.1	—
Germany	10.1	—	8.1	—	5.1%	—	1.5	—
The Netherlands	7.4	—	6.3	—	17.9%	—	1.6	—
F-values*	9.042		6.022		3.421		3.347
P-values	<.001	—	.003	—	.035	—	.037	—
Discharge management
Austria	—	9.6	—	8.2	—	6.0%	—	1.0
Germany	—	9.3	—	7.9	—	20.0%	—	1.0
The Netherlands	—	2.1	—	3.2	—	3.0%	—	.6
F-values*		33.352		16.124		3.582		1.957
P-values	—	<.001	—	<.001	—	.031	—	.146
Mean
Austria	10.7	10.3	8.6	8.4	6.1%	6.7%	1.1	0.8
Germany	10.4	10.0	8.4	7.8	5.1%	17.1%	1.5	1.0
The Netherlands	9.1	7.1	7.5	6.4	19.7%	23.2%	1.8	1.1
F-values*	2.697	7.832	1.898	3.258	5.576	3.288	6.202	1.045
P-values	.070	.001	.152	.042	.004	0.041	.002	.355

∗df (nursing homes) = 2, 212; df (hospitals) = 2, 115.