International Scholarly Research Notices

Research Article

Examination of the Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Xenobiotic-Inducing Potential of Broccoli Extract and Various Essential Oils during a Mild DSS-Induced Colitis in Rats

Table 9

Effects of feeding broccoli extract and various essential oils on relative mRNA expression of various pro- and anti-inflammatory parameters in the liver of DSS-treated rats compared to an untreated control. Values are means ± SEM and represent relative mRNA concentrations as -fold of group Con = 1. Different small letters in a row indicate significant differences between means ( ≤ 0.05). in phase 1, in phase 2 and phase 3.


Liver		Experimental group
Gene	Period	Con		DSS		BE		Cuo		To		Ro
Gene		MW	SEM	MW	SEM	MW	SEM	MW	SEM	MW	SEM	MW	SEM

	Phase 1	1.00	0.15	—	—	1.06	0.11	0.99	0.06	1.03	0.06	0.97	0.08
NFB	Phase 2	1.00	0.06	0.94	0.07	0.99	0.03	0.99	0.05	1.02	0.07	1.02	0.06
	Phase 3	1.00	0.04	0.96	0.03	1.00	0.03	0.99	0.04	1.07	0.05	1.06	0.06
	Phase 1	1.00	0.17	—	—	1.04	0.07	1.06	0.12	0.90	0.03	1.10	0.06
TNF	Phase 2	1.00	0.13	1.01	0.14	0.89	0.15	1.04	0.15	0.92	0.14	0.82	0.08
	Phase 3	1.00^a	0.04	1.71^b	0.37	1.06^ab	0.12	1.14^ab	0.17	1.16^ab	0.11	1.55^ab	0.25
	Phase 1	1.00^abc	0.15	—	—	0.81^ab	0.09	1.02^ac	0.06	0.75^b	0.15	1.12^c	0.06
COX2	Phase 2	1.00	0.11	1.16	0.20	1.19	0.12	1.34	0.27	1.50	0.25	1.13	0.12
	Phase 3	n.d.		n.d.		n.d.		n.d.		n.d.		n.d.
	Phase 1	1.00	0.20	—	—	1.00	0.15	1.02	0.16	0.87	0.10	1.13	0.12
IL-1β	Phase 2	1.00	0.11	1.04	0.11	0.93	0.12	1.01	0.14	1.12	0.10	0.98	0.08
	Phase 3	1.00^a	0.03	0.95^a	0.08	0.85^ab	0.07	0.84^ab	0.06	0.75^b	0.05	1.01^ab	0.06
	Phase 1	1.00^a	0.19	—	—	0.67^b	0.11	0.56^b	0.08	0.70^ab	0.15	0.68^b	0.08
IL-10	Phase 2	1.00	0.12	0.77	0.10	1.15	0.25	1.06	0.15	1.06	0.09	1.01	0.09
	Phase 3	1.00^a	0.06	0.76^b	0.05	0.79^b	0.08	0.67^b	0.06	0.69^b	0.03	0.77^b	0.03
	Phase 1	1.00^a	0.05	—	—	1.25^ab	0.17	1.13^a	0.11	1.18^a	0.25	1.78^b	0.23
MCP-1	Phase 2	1.00	0.12	1.00	0.07	1.08	0.15	1.20	0.11	1.12	0.17	1.19	0.13
	Phase 3	1.00	0.07	1.01	0.12	1.00	0.10	0.96	0.11	1.00	0.10	1.01	0.03
	Phase 1	1.00^a	0.20	—	—	0.74^b	0.08	0.80^ab	0.02	0.85^ab	0.07	0.91^ab	0.06
VCAM-1	Phase 2	1.00	0.07	1.06	0.12	0.85	0.10	0.98	0.02	1.09	0.07	0.89	0.05
	Phase 3	1.00	0.05	0.89	0.08	1.02	0.11	1.07	0.11	0.92	0.08	1.03	0.09
	Phase 1	1.00	0.19	—	—	1.02	0.30	0.85	0.15	0.91	0.22	0.65	0.07
CRP	Phase 2	1.00	0.20	1.07	0.21	0.74	0.05	0.93	0.20	0.85	0.10	1.14	0.15
	Phase 3	1.00^a	0.11	0.87^a	0.11	1.37^b	0.21	0.89^a	0.10	0.87^a	0.12	0.73^a	0.06