Bioprosthetic Heart Valves: Impact of Implantation on Biomaterials
Figure 10
Carpentier-Edwards pericardial valve (stent covered with PTFE fabric) explanted from a 45-year-old female, at 11 years after implantation. (a) Gross photograph of the flow surface of the valve shows thickened cusps with nodular calcification (asterisk) and pannus (black arrow). (b) The nonflow surface of the same valve shows nodular calcification (asterisk) and a small tear (black arrow).
