Applications of Higher-Order Optimal Newton Secant Iterative Methods in Ocean Acidification and Investigation of Long-Run Implications of CO_𝟐 Emissions on Alkalinity of Seawater

Table 5

Long-run estimators.

Series	Dependent log10pH
	FMOLS		DOLS
	Coefficient	Standard deviation	Coefficient	Standard deviation
log10CO2	−0.845^∗	0.003	−0.849^∗	0.009

Note: a constant and time trend are included in each model. The critical values of the two-tailed 𝑡-statistics test at 1%, 5%, and 10% significance levels are 2.326, 1.645, and 1.282, respectively. The maximum lag/lead is set to 2 [11].