Biomarker Profile Does Not Predict Weight Loss Success in Successful and Unsuccessful Diet-Reduced Obese Individuals: A Prospective Study

Table 2

Hormone and cytokine levels before and after weight loss.

Subject characteristics and analytes^a	≥8% WLG		<8% WLG
	Baseline; (𝑛=46)	4 months; (𝑛=44)	Baseline; (𝑛=15)	4 months; (𝑛=8)
Weight (kg)	87.9 ± 12.6	78.2 ± 11.4	89.7 ± 15.8	88.4 ± 18.8^b
BMI (kg/m^2)	31.6 ± 3.5	28.27 ± 3.32	32.4 ± 4.3	31.51 ± 5.51^b
Amylin (pg/mL)	38.3 (24.6–59.4)	41.0 (26.3–64.1)	24.4 (11.3–52.7)	21.8 (8.4–56.6)
C-Peptide (pg/mL)	1,030 (852–1,244)	891 (736–1,077)^c	904 (649–1,260)	948 (663–1,356)
GIP (pg/mL)	93.8 (84.5–104.1)	89.8 (80.8–99.8)	83.3 (69.4–99.9)	90.2 (71.7–113.4)
Ghrelin (pg/mL)	28.2 (24.0–33.1)	32.6 (27.6–38.4)	23.8 (17.95–31.6)	28.2 (19.3–41.1)
GLP-1 (pg/mL)	7.90 (5.73–10.89)	7.50 (5.42–10.38)	4.83 (2.75–8.47)	4.46 (2.28–8.73)
IL-6 (pg/mL)	2.48 (1.91–3.24)	2.83 (2.16–3.70)	2.73 (1.72–4.33)	1.71 (0.93–3.13)
Insulin (pg/mL)	665 (573–772)	541 (465–628)^c	532 (410–690)	461 (339–626)
Leptin (ng/mL/kg fat)^d	0.83 (0.70–0.98)	0.58 (0.49–0.69)^c	0.84 (0.62–1.13)	0.87 (0.61–1.23)^e,f
MCP-1 (pg/mL)	81.5 (74.5–89.2)	81.6 (74.5–89.4)	86.0 (73.5–100.7)	72.96 (60.3–88.3)
PP (pg/mL)	81.3 (55.8–118.6)	64.8 (44.2–94.9)	57.7 (29.8–111.6)	44.4 (20.1–97.99)
PYY (pg/mL)	44.6 (33.1–60.1)	45.4 (33.5–61.5)	51.7 (30.6–87.2)	40.6 (21.0–78.4)
TNF-α (pg/mL)	3.76 (3.34–4.22)	3.86 (3.43–4.35)	3.72 (3.04–4.57)	3.24 (2.48–4.24)

WLG: weight loss group; GIP: gastric inhibitory peptide; GLP: glucagon-like peptide; IL: interleukin; MCP: monocyte chemotactic protein; PP: pancreatic polypeptide; PYY: peptide YY; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
^aMean ± SD for subject characteristics and geometric mean (95% confidence interval) for analytes.
^b𝑃<0.001 for difference in change from baseline to 4 months between weight loss groups.
^c𝑃≤0.002 for ratio of baseline to 4-month measurements within weight loss group.
^dAdjusted for fat mass.
^e𝑃<0.05 for difference between 4-month measurements between weight loss groups.
^f𝑃<0.05 for difference in change from baseline to 4 months between weight loss groups.