Clinical Characteristics and Course of Patients Entering Cardiac Rehabilitation with Chronic Kidney Disease: Data from the Italian Survey on Cardiac Rehabilitation
Table 3
Complications during cardiac rehabilitation programs (, %).
CKD ()
Non-CKD ()
value
Atrial fibrillation
49 (24.5)
403 (19.4)
0.08
Severe ventricular arrhythmias1
11 (5.5)
79 (3.8)
0.23
Permanent pacemaker implantation
13 (6.5)
57 (2.7)
0.003
Acute myocardial infarction
4 (2.0)
31 (1.5)
0.57
Cerebrovascular events2
5 (2.5)
36 (1.7)
0.43
Cognitive impairment*
7 (2.5)
31 (1.5)
0.03
Anemia3
38 (19.0)
275 (13.2)
0.02
Worsening of CKD or new onset of renal failure4
63 (31.5)
56 (2.7)
<0.0001
Hepatic insufficiency
4 (2.0)
14 (0.7)
0.04
Sternal revision
7 (3.5)
27 (1.3)
0.01
Massive pleural effusion needing thoracenthesis
6 (3.0)
51 (2.5)
0.63
Inotropic support/mechanical assistance
24 (12.0)
88 (4.2)
<0.0001
Respiratory assistance5
17 (8.5)
78 (3.7)
0.0001
Systemic infections
16 (8.0)
62 (3.0)
0.0002
Death
4 (2)
11 (0.5)
0.02
>30 sec or symptomatic ventricular tachycardia; 2stroke, transient ischemic attack; 3Hb ≤10 g/dL or ≥3 g/dL reduction with respect to the preindex event value; 4creatinine increase ≥1 mg/dL; 5including oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure (cPAP), bilevel positive airway pressure (biPAP) >96 h. *Worsening of cognitive impairment or new onset of cognitive impairment.
