Molecular and Chromosomal Markers for Evolutionary Considerations in Torpediniformes (Chondrichthyes, Batoidea)

Figure 1

Schematic representation of karyologic evolution within Batoidea superorder that led to a progressive reduction of the diploid number. This chromosomal rearrangement took place from the less-evolved species to the most specialized through Robertsonian fusions, that is, centric fusions between two acrocentric elements to form a metacentric or a submetacentric one.