Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita

Table 5

Cytokine expression in experimental EBA.

Cytokine	Serum concentration	Cutaneous expression	Functional relevance	Reference
TNF-𝛼	↑	↑	Proinflammatory (very moderate)	Unpublished
MIP-1𝛼	↑	↑	none	Unpublished
GM-CSF	↑	↑	Proinflammatory (strong)	[128]
G-CSF	—	—	nd
IL-1𝛼	↑	↑	Proinflammatory	[123]
IL-1𝛽	↑	↑	Proinflammatory	[123]
IL-2	Below detection limit	—	nd
IL-3	—	—	nd
IL-4	↑	nd	nd
IL-5	—	nd	nd
IL-6	↑	↑	Anti-inflammatory	[123]
IL-9	—	nd	nd
IL-10	↑	nd	nd
IL-12	—	nd	nd
IL-13	—	nd	nd
IL-17	↑	nd	nd
IL-24	nd	↑	nd
Eotaxin	—	nd	nd
RANTES	↑	nd	nd
IFN-𝛾	—	nd	nd
MCP-1	—	nd	nd
CXCL1 and CXCL2	↑	↑	Proinflammatory	[127]
CXCL3	nd	↑	nd
CXCL5	nd	↑	nd

Expression data is obtained from Samavedam et al. and from Kasperkiewicz et al. [123, 124]. Functional relevance was evaluated in the indicated publications. “↑”; “—” indicates statistically not significant difference in expression; “nd”: not done.