Review Article

Unified Theory of Bacterial Sialometabolism: How and Why Bacteria Metabolize Host Sialic Acids

Table 2

Additional bacterial species isolated from the healthy intestines of nonhuman animals.

Microorganism (recent designation)a valueMaximum percent identity

Gram-negative anaerobic rods0.01827% (12/44)
Bacteroides succinogenes
 (Fibrobacter succinogenes subsp. succinogenes)*
Bacteroides ruminicola (Prevotella ruminicola)*1 × 10−2728% (80/287)
Bacteroides amlylophilus (Ruminobacter amylophilus)*1.325% (13/51)
 Bacteroides termitidis (Sebaldella termitidis) 0.01334% (21/61)
 Bacteroides clostridiiformis (Clostridium clostridioforme) 0.04721% (17/80)
Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens*150% (5/10)
Selenomonas ruminatium (S. ruminantium subsp. lactilytica)*5 × 10−432% (19/59)
Desulfovibrio spp.3 × 10−435% (20/57)
Desulfotomaculum nigrificans 0.00430% (13/44)
Desulfotomaculum ruminis*0.00430% (18/61)
Desulfotomaculum orientis No similarity found
Oscillospira guillermondii No similarity found
Gram-positive anaerobic rods
Eubacterium cellulosolvens* 7 × 10−4 50% (19/38)
Eubacterium nitrogenes (Eubacterium nitritogenes)  No similarity found
 Eubacterium helminthoides  No sequence available
 Cellulomonas flavigena  7 × 10−35 29% (97/330)
 Brevibacterium spp. no similarity found
 Bifidobacterium asteroides  0.66 67% (8/12)
 Bifidobacterium indicum  0.41 35% (9/26)
 Bifidobacterium coryneforme  0.54 67% (8/12)
 Bifidobacterium pseudolongum *  0.63 34% (11/32)
 Bifidobacterium ruminale (Bifidobacterium thermophilum) *  1.3 75% (6/8)
 Lactobacillus ruminis *  4 × 10−13 37% (29/78)
 Lactobacillus vitulinus *  0.6 42% (5/12)
 Clostridium lochheadii *  No sequence available
 Clostridium longisporum *  0.97 43% (9/21)
 Clostridium cellobioparum *  2.2 64% (7/11)
 Methanobacterium formicicum  0.53 55% (6/11)
Methanobacterium ruminantium (Methanobrevibacter ruminantium)  0.089 36% (10/28)
Methanobacterium mobile  No similarity found
Anaerobic cocci
Methanosarcina barkeri  1 × 10−7 22% (40/181)
Lampropedia hyalina* No similarity found
Veillonella alcalescens  0.014 23% (28/120)
Facultatively anaerobic bacteria
Salmonella spp. 4 × 10−5 26% (35/137)
Hafnia alvei  0.016 27% (14/52)
Streptococcus equinus (Streptococcus bovis)  2 × 10−99 48% (152/319)
Lactobacillus lactis (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis)  0.001 25% (42/165)
Lactobacillus buchneri  0.045 27% (20/73)
Lactobacillus cellobiosus (Lactobacillus fermentum)  0.011 22% (11/49)
Miscellaneous bacteria
Borrelia spp. 0.017 45% (9/20)
 Bacillus macerans (Paenibacillus macerans)  0.055 31% (12/39)
 Acholeplasma bactoclasticum  No similarity found
 Gemmiger formicilis  No similarity found
 Alcaligenes faecalis  0.003 28% (13/47)
Fusosporus spp. No similarity found
Arthromitus spp. (Candidatus arthromitus)  6 × 10−4 27% (24/88)
 Anisomitus spp. No sequence available
 Entomitus spp. No sequence available
 Coleomitus spp. No sequence available
 Bacillospira spp. No sequence available
 Sporospirrillum spp. No sequence available
 Metabacterium spp. 3 × 10−8 25% (40/159)

aBacteria isolated from nonhuman animal intestines with newer designations given in parentheses. Asterisks indicate bacteria isolated mainly or exclusively from the rumen [6]. Expect values ( ) and maximum percentage identities are as described in Table 1.