Research Article
Qualitative and Quantitative Control of Honeys Using NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics
Table 2
NMR integration regions and investigated linear concentration ranges.
| | Compound | NMR range | Working range (mg/kg) |
| | HMF | 9.43–9.47 ppm (singlet) | 20–600 | | Formic acid | 8.44–8.47 ppm (singlet) | 40–1400 | | Phthalic acid | 7.53–7.48 ppm (multiplet) | 30–900 | | Fumaric acid | 6.53–6.55 ppm (singlet) | 20–670 | | Pyruvic acid | 6.42–6.45 ppm (singlet) | 180–5000 | | L(+)-rhamnose | 5.13–5.09 ppm (doublet) | 160–2500 | | Glucose | 4.63–4.65 ppm (singlet) | 13–43000 | | Arabinose | 4.52–4.54 ppm (singlet) | 40–1200 | | L(+)-tartaric acid | 4.32–4.35 (singlet) | 90–2600 | | Fructose | 4.14–4.08 (doublet) | 11–46000 | | Malic acid | 2.73–2.70 (two singlets) | 30–1000 | | Citric acid | 2.69–2.68 (singlet) | 40–1300 | | Succinic acid | 2.50–2.52 (singlet) | 10–800 |
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