The Role of Optical Radiations in Skin Cancer

Table 1

Main published studies on association between solar UV exposure and the risk of melanoma, basal cell and squamous cell, carcinoma onset.

Reference	Type of exposure	Epidemiological index; Odds ratio (95% CI)	Comment
Melanoma
White et al. (1994) [33]	Chronic	0.3 (0.16–0.59)	Exposure aged 2–20 years
Mark Elwood and Jopson; (1997) [34]	Chronic (occupational)	0.86 (0.77–0.96)	Meta-analysis of 29 studies
	Intermittent	1.71 (1.54–1.90)
	Total	1.18 (1.02–1.38)
Autier and Doré(1998) [35]	>1 year tropical or subtropical area	4.3 (1.7–11.1)	Exposure aged <10 years
	>1 year tropical or subtropical area	4.1 (1.3–13.4)	Exposure in adolescence or adulthood
Walter et al. (1999) [36]	Chronic	0.67 (0.52–0.85)	Exposure aged <18 years
	Intermittent	1.67 (1.31–2.12)
Kaskel et al. (2001) [37]	Chronic	0.3 (0.1–1.1)	Exposure aged <12 years
	Intermittent	2.4 (1.2–4.9)
Whiteman et al. (2006) [38]	Chronic	2.49 (1.12–5.54)	Head and neck
	Intermittent	0.38 (0.17–0.83)
Kricker et al. (2007) [39]	Chronic	1.03	Multiple versus single melanoma
	Intermittent (beach)	1.85
	Intermittent (recreational)	1.38
Nagore et al.(2010)[40]	Chronic (<20 years)	0.6 (0.3–1.3)	Age at diagnosis >60 years
	Chronic (>20 years)	2.1 (1.1–4.0)
Basal cell (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
Armstrong and Kricker; (2001) [41]	BCC:		Meta-analysis
	Chronic	1.19 (1.07–1.32)
	Intermittent	1.38 (1.24–1.54)
	Total	0.98 (0.68–1.41)
	SCC:
	Chronic	1.64 (1.26–2.13)
	Intermittent	0.91 (0.68–1.22)
	Total	1.53 (1.02–2.27)
Zanetti et al. (2006) [42]	BCC:
	Chronic (occupational)	1.2 (0.70–2.13)
	Intermittent	1.3 (0.72–2.39)
	Total	1.7 (0.97–3.03)
	SCC:
	Chronic (occupational)	2.2 (1.13–4.08)
	Intermittent	0.6 (0.29–1.21)
	Total	1.8 (0.95–3.32)
Han et al. (2006) [43]	BCC total	1.95 (1.34–2.83)
	SCC total	1.97 (1.37–2.85)