The Effect of Pioglitazone on Antioxidant Levels and Renal Histopathology in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Table 4

Histopathological changes in diabetic control and pioglitazone groups.

	Diabetic control			Pioglitazone groups
	− (%)	+ (%)	++ (%)	− (%)	+ (%)	++ (%)
Vascular wall thickening*	1 (14.3%)	0 (0%)	6 (85.7%)	6 (40%)	8 (53.3%)	1 (6.7%)
Tubular epithelial necrosis*	1 (14.3%)	6 (85.7%)	0 (0.0%)	10 (66.7%)	4 (26.7%)	1 (6.7%)
Tubular dilation*	0 (0.0%)	2 (28.6%)	5 (71.4%)	1 (6.7%)	12 (80%)	2 (13.3%)
Glomerular focal necrosis	1 (14.3%)	2 (28.6%)	4 (57.1%)	8 (53.3%)	7 (46.7%)	0 (0.0%)
Dilation of Bowman capsule	0 (0.0%)	6 (85.7%)	1 (14.3%)	5 (33%)	8 (53.3%)	2 (13.3%)
Congestion	0 (0.0%)	7 (100%)	0 (28.6%)	0 (0.0%)	12 (80%)	3 (20%)
Degeneration of tubular epithelium	0 (0.0%)	5 (71.4%)	2 (28.6%)	3 (20%)	12 (80%)	0 (0.0%)
Interstitial inflammation	4 (57.1%)	3 (42.9%)	0 (0.0%)	8 (53.3%)	6 (40%)	1 (6.7%)

(−) unaffected, (+) moderately affected, (++) severe affected. ^∗𝑃<0.05.