Neural mass models. (a) A diagram of the model of a cortical unit employed by Grimbert and Faugeras [38] and a sample trace showing an oscillation similar to an EEG alpha rhythm. (b) Representation of a Wiener cascade used to model a population of nerve cells. The Wiener cascade consists of a linear dynamical module and a static nonlinear one. (c) Schematic representation of the model described by Freeman [39] and sample traces showing chaotic behavior of the impulse responses (impulse input—arrows).