Effect of Physical Exercise on the Level of DNA Damage in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Table 1

General and clinical characteristic in the COPD patients and control group.

Characteristic	COPD (𝑛=36)	PE-COPD (𝑛=15)	Control (𝑛=51)	^∗𝑃 value
Sex
Males, 𝑛 (%)	21 (58)	9 (60)	28 (55)	NS
Females, 𝑛 (%)	15 (42)	6 (40)	23 (45)	NS
White ethnicity, 𝑛 (%)	32 (89)	13 (87)	50 (98)	NS
Age (years)^a	65.36±9.48	65.27±7.65	63.61±9.39	NS
BMI (kg/m^2)^a	26.88±5.61	23.01±5.14^∗	26.81±3.88	0.025
Smoking habit
Cigarettes-year^b	10698 (1095–25550)^#	7924 (1095–21900)	5814 (1095–14600)	NS
Smoking status
Never/former/current	4/21/11^#	1/13/1	22/25/4	NS
Smoking duration
>30 years, 𝑛 (%)	27 (84)^#	9 (64)	9 (31)	NS
Medications
COPD drugs, 𝑛 (%)	33 (92)	15 (100)	—	NS
Corticosteroid, 𝑛 (%)	16 (66)	20 (74)	—	NS
Antihypertensive, 𝑛 (%)	22 (61)	5 (32)	27 (53)	NS
Oxygen therapy, 𝑛 (%)	7 (20)	5 (34)	—	NS
Comorbidities	26 (71)	19 (70)	38 (74)	NS
SAH, 𝑛 (%)	10	8	11	NS
Heart disease, 𝑛 (%)	5	5	2	—
Diabetes, 𝑛 (%)	4	4	1	—
COPD status
Mild, 𝑛 (%)	7 (20)	1 (6)	—	NS
Moderate, 𝑛 (%)	10 (28)	6 (40)	—	NS
Severe, 𝑛 (%)	12 (33)	4 (27)	—	NS
Very severe, 𝑛 (%)	7 (19)	4 (27)	—	NS

aData are presented as mean ± SD; ^bmedian (minimum–maximum); BMI: body mass index; SAH: systemic arterial hypertension; ^∗𝑃<0.05, COPD compared with the PE-COPD; ^#𝑃<0.05, COPD or PE-COPD compared with the control group.