Gait Performance and Lower-Limb Muscle Strength Improved in Both Upper-Limb and Lower-Limb Isokinetic Training Programs in Individuals with Chronic Stroke

Table 2

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the experimental (lower-limb training) and control (upper-limb training) groups at pretraining.

Characteristics	Experimental group (𝑛=15)		Control group (𝑛=15)
	Mean (SD)	𝑛 (%)	Mean (SD)	𝑛 (%)
Age (yr)	58.5 (14.9)		54.7 (14.6)
Body mass (kg)	78.3 (11.3)		72.5 (13.4)
Height (cm)	170.6 (7.3)		166.5 (9.5)
Time since stroke (months)	56.9 (43.8)		85.5 (111.9)
5-meter walk test: self-selected speed (m/s)	0.65 (0.24)		0.79 (0.29)
5-meter walk test: maximal speed (m/s)	0.98 (0.38)		1.10 (0.50)
Chedoke McMaster Stroke Assessment (/7)
Leg	4.3 (1.2)		4.5 (1.4)
Foot	3.5 (1.1)		3.9 (1.8)
Action Research Arm Test (/57)	28.3 (25.2)		29.9 (24.9)
Balance Scale (/56)	49.8 (5.3)		49.5 (5.8)
Spasticity Index (/16)	7.4 (3.3)		6.7 (2.9)
Human Activity Profile (adjusted score/94)	51.4 (14.3)		58.3 (16.5)
SF-36 (%)
Physical functioning	52.3 (24.9)		56.7 (23.2)
Mental status	71.2 (16.4)		68.8 (23.4)
Involved side
Left		9 (60)		9 (60)
Right		6 (40)		6 (40)
Gender
Female		6 (40)		6 (40)
Male		9 (60)		9 (60)
Ankle support		4 (26.6)		5 (33.3)
Hypoesthesia of the affected foot		2 (13.3)		2 (13.3)