Gait Performance and Lower-Limb Muscle Strength Improved in Both Upper-Limb and Lower-Limb Isokinetic Training Programs in Individuals with Chronic Stroke

Table 4

Mean (SD), range, and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the maximal torque (Nm) taken at a common angle of 7° of ankle dorsiflexion, 0° (hip in neutral position), and 40° of hip flexion for the plantarflexors, hip flexors, and extensors, respectively, for the experimental (lower-limb training—𝑛=15) and control (upper-limb training—𝑛=15) groups at pre- and posttraining.

	Plantarflexors					Hip flexors					Hip extensors
Statistics	Experimental		Control		𝑃^b	Experimental		Control		𝑃^b	Experimental		Control		𝑃^b
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post		Pre	Post	Pre	Post		Pre	Post	Pre	Post
Mean (SD)	58.9 (42.0)	75.1^a (37.1)	48.7 (36.3)	56.3^a (35.1)	0.3	73.6 (29.7)	91.3 (36.9)	65.4 (33.9)	67.8 (31.3)	0.2	103.8 (40.7)	105.4 (34.4)	79.7 (47.7)	101.3 (60.5)	0.4
Range:
Min	8.2	15.9	5.0	13.9		17.6	21.5	6.6	0		43.2	42.5	18.6	37.3
Max	163.2	138.1	122.6	117.6		121.5	146.2	153.3	120.2		180.8	164.7	201.1	259.2
95% CI:
Lower bound	35.6	54.5	28.6	36.4		57.1	70.9	46.7	50.4		81.3	86.3	53.3	67.8
Upper bound	82.2	95.6	68.8	75.7		90.0	111.8	84.2	85.1		126.3	124.4	106.1	134.8

^a𝑃<0.05 (pretraining value versus posttraining value).
^b𝑃 value is comparison between experimental and control groups.