Alcohol Exposures, Alcohol Marketing, and Their Associations with Problem Drinking and Drunkenness among Youth Living in the Slums of Kampala, Uganda
Table 4
Multivariate logistic regression analyses of the associations between demographic characteristics, alcohol marketing, and alcohol education and problem drinking among participants in the Kampala Youth Survey ().
Four models predicting problem drinking
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
AOR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
AOR (95% CI)
Boys
2.33 (1.44–3.77)
1.16 (0.61–2.19)
0.85 (0.43–1.71)
0.85 (0.42–1.70)
Girls
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Age ≥18
3.70 (2.18–6.29)
3.50 (1.82–6.76)
2.94 (1.49–5.80)
2.76 (1.41–5.41)
Age <18
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Sadness
—
1.72 (0.79–3.73)
1.76 (0.78–3.95)
1.89 (0.85–4.21)
No friends
—
0.19 (0.04–0.85)
0.30 (0.07–1.35)
0.26 (0.06–1.22)
Drug use
—
9.17 (4.80–17.51)
6.67 (3.38–13.16)
7.29 (3.62–14.69)
Violence victimization
2.35 (1.24–4.42)
1.70 (0.85–3.41)
1.67 (0.83–3.35)
HIV/AIDS
4.01 (1.64–9.78)
2.92 (1.16–7.37)
3.44 (1.33–8.91)
Alcohol use and marketing exposure
—
—
0–4
—
—
1.00
1.00
5-6
—
—
1.17 (0.54–2.51)
1.17 (0.55–2.47)
Alcohol marketing
—
—
Free drink
—
—
2.40 (1.18–4.88)
2.47 (1.23–4.96)
Brand logo
1.91 (0.95–3.84)
1.98 (0.97–4.03)
Alcohol education
—
—
—
Danger of alcohol
—
—
—
0.63 (0.22–1.76)
Help quit
—
—
—
0.75 (0.35–1.62)
Refuse alcohol
—
—
—
1.66 (0.82–3.37)
Each model included all listed variables. Reference categories for each variable are not shown but were those not exposed to or who did not report sadness, having no friends, drug use, violence victimization, alcohol marketing, or alcohol education.
