Carotid Atherosclerosis as a Surrogate Maker of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetic Patients
Table 1
Characteristics of cardiovascular disease and control groups.
Characteristics
Non-CVD
CVD
value*
Male gender, (%)
102 (51.3)
49 (68.1)
0.018
Age (years)
67 ± 10
72 ± 8
<0.001
Body mass index† (kg/m2)
23.3 ± 4.0
23.9 ± 4.3
0.313
Obesity, (%)
54 (27.1)
24 (33.3)
0.363
Smoking status (pack·year)
0 (0–520)
300 (0–845)
0.092
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
140 ± 23
137 ± 20
0.389
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
79 ± 14
77 ± 13
0.198
Antihypertensive medication (%)
88 (44.2)
55 (76.4)
<0.001
Raised blood pressure, (%)
159 (79.9)
61 (84.7)
0.482
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
141 ± 43
136 ± 45
0.460
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
90 (67–146)
96 (65–129)
0.590
Hypertriglyceridemia, (%)
48 (24.1)
13 (18.1)
0.327
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
55 ± 19
49 ± 15
0.015
Lipid-lowering medication, (%)
12 (6.0)
20 (27.8)
<0.001
Low HDL cholesterolemia, (%)
69 (34.7)
40 (55.6)
0.003
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)
166 (118–229)
137 (105–186)
0.082
eGFR‡ (mL/min/1.73 m2)
74.9 ± 21.0
66.6 ± 22.3
0.005
Carotid IMT (mm)
0.92 ± 0.20
1.11 ± 0.28
<0.001
CVD: cardiovascular disease; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration ratio; IMT: intima-media thickness. †Body mass index was calculated using weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters. ‡eGFR = 194 × Cr−1.094 × Age−0.287 × 0.739 (if female). Data presented are mean ± standard deviation. Data for smoking status, triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose were skewed, are presented as median (interquartile range) values, and were log transformed for analysis.
