| S. number | Diseases | Biomarkers | Source of biomarkers |
| (1) | Autoimmune diseases (1) Sjogren’s syndrome (2) Multiple sclerosis (3) Sarcoidosis | Lactoferrin, beta 2 microglobulin, lysozyme C, cystatin C, salivary amylase, and carbonic anhydrase IgA production Alpha-amylase and kallikrein | Saliva |
| (2) | Bone turnover markers | Body mass index, D-PYR, OC concentration, calcaneus T scores, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-1 beta, salivary osteonectin, and ALP activity | Serum and saliva |
| (3) | Cardiovascular markers | Cardiac troponins, C-reactive protein, myoglobin, myeloperoxidase, ICAM-1, CD 40, and salivary lysozyme | Serum and saliva |
| (4) | Dental caries and periodontal diseases | Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli count, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, albumin, pIgR, Arp 3, CA VI, IL-1Ra, PLS-2, LEI, and IGJ | Saliva |
| (5) | Diseases of the adrenal cortex | Salivary cortisol | |
| (6) | Drug level monitoring | Nicotine, cannabinoids, cocaine, phencyclidine, opioids, barbiturates, diazepines, amphetamines, ethanol, cotinine, methamphetamine, endogenous γ-hydroxybutyric acid, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine | Serum and saliva |
| (7) | Forensic evidence | Blood group antigens and DNA testing | Saliva |
| (8) | Genetic disorders (1) Cystic fibrosis (2) Ectodermal dysplasia | Cathepsin-D, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and lactate dehydrogenase Inorganic constituents, total protein | Saliva |
| (9) | Infections (1) Viral infections (2) Bacterial infections (3) Fungal infections | Measles virus-specific IgM HIV—HIV-1, HIV-2—antibodies, salivary proteins Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MUC 5B, and MUC 7 Candidiasis immunoglobulins, Hsp 70, and calprotectin, histatins, mucins, basic proline rich proteins, and peroxidases | Serum and saliva |
| (10) | Malignancy | lnc RNA, miRNA, CCNI, EGFR, FGF19, FRS2 and GREB1, AGPAT1, B2M, BASP2, IER3, and IL1B, p53, CA15-3, C-erb2, CA 125, FGF 2, PSA, cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase, silver nitrate and nitrite, and salivary adenosine deaminase | Serum and saliva |
| (11) | Occupational and environmental medicine | Salivary cortisol, IgA, lysozyme, chromogranin, alpha-amylase, lead, and cadmium | Serum and saliva |
| (12) | Psychological research | Salivary amylase, cortisol, substance P, lysozyme, secretory IgG, and testosterone | Saliva |
| (13) | Renal diseases | Cortisol, nitrite, uric acid, sodium chloride, pH, alpha-amylase, and lactoferrin. Salivary phosphate, serum creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate | Serum and saliva |
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