|
| Authors | Studied factor | Pub yr* | Study design and details | Type of association |
|
| Bérubé et al. [31] | Calcium containing foods** | 2004 | (i) Semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire
(ii) MD assessed by one expert reviewer evaluating percent density
(iii) 1092 women 40 to 60 years old with recent 2 years screening mammogram | Inverse |
|
| Bérubé et al. [32] | Calcium containing foods** | 2005 | (i) 777 premenopausal and 783 post-menopausal women
(ii) Food frequency questionnaire for estimation of dietary intake
(iii) MD assessed by computer-assisted method | Inverse |
|
| Masala et al. [33] | Cheese ad dietary calcium | 2006 | (i) 2,000 women with mammogram taken 5 years after enrollment in the EPIC-Florence study
(ii) Original mammograms retrieved
(iii) Information on dietary habits collected during 5 years
(iv) MD assessed according to Wolfe's classification | Inverse |
|
| Takata et al. [34] | Dairy products | 2007 | (i) 3512 mammograms from 1250 premenopausal and postmenopausal women
(ii) MD assessed by computer-assisted method
(iii) Validated food frequency questionnaire for estimation of dietary intake | None |
|
| Thomson et al. [10] | Dairy products | 2007 | (i) Cross-sectional design
(ii) MD assessed by computer-assisted method
(iii) Arizona food frequency questionnaire for estimation of dietary intake | Inverse |
|
| Mishra et al. [35] | Dietary calcium from childhood | 2008 | (i) cohort of 1161 women followed up since their birth
(ii) documentation of diet at age 4 by 24 h recalls and at age 36, 43 and 53 by 5-day food records
(iii) MD assessed by computer-assisted method | None*** |
|
| Wu et al.**** [17] | Sunlight | 2013 | (i) 650 premenopausal women
(ii) validated sunlight exposure questionnaire via telephone
(iii) MD classified according to Tabar’s classification | Inverse |
|
| Peplonska et al. [36] | Sunlight | 2012 | (i) cross-sectional study
(ii) Investigating whether rotating night shift working in nurses was associated with MD
(iii) 640 nurses and midwives 40 to 60 years
(iv) MD assessed by computer-assisted method | None |
|
|
López et al. [19] | Physical inactivity | 2003 | (i) information collected from the Chicago Breast Health Project
(ii) evaluation of association of hours of daily physical inactivity
(iii) MD assessed quantitatively
(iv) 294 Hispanic women | None***** |
|
| Suijkerbuijk et al. [37] | Physical inactivity | 2006 | (i) cross-sectional study
(ii) 620 women 49 to 68 years, participants of the Dutch Prospect-European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort
(iii) self-administered questionnaire about duration and intensity of physical activity
(iv) MD assessed by computer-assisted system | None |
|
| Siozon et al. [38] | Recreational physical activity | 2006 | (i) 375 white and African American women
(ii) Structured questionnaire obtaining data from 5 time periods of activity: menarche to 1st screening mammography, first 3 and 10 years after menarche, the most recent 10 years and the 3 years prior to mammogram screening | None |
|
| Samimi et al. [39] | Recent physical activity | 2008 | (i) cross-sectional study
(ii) 1,398 women in the Nurses' Health Study
(iii) three groupings: premenopausal, postmenopausal without HRT, postmenopausal currently under HRT
(iv) MD assessed by computer-assisted method
(v) prospectively collected questionnaires | None |
|
| Oestreicher et al. [40] | Physical activity | 2008 | Cohort of pre- and early perimenopausal women of 4 different ethnicities | Non-significant inverse |
|
| Woolcott et al. [41] | Aerobic exercise | 2010 | (i) inside the ALPHA trial: randomized controlled trial
(ii) 320 postmenopausal, sedentary women 50 to 74 years
(iii) randomized to 45 minutes, 5 days per week aerobic exercise or control with usual life-style for 1 year
(iv) MD assessed by computer-assisted system | None |
|
| Conroy et al. [18] | Physical activity | 2010 | (i) using longitudinal data from 1996 to 2004
(ii) multiethnic cohort of 722 pre- and early perimenopausal women participating in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation | None |
|
| Marmara et al. [42] | Last five years recreational physical activity | 2011 | (i) cross-sectional study
(ii) 724 women 45–67 years
(iii) interview-administered questionnaire
(iv) MD classified according to BIRAD classification | Inverse |
|
| Qureshi et al. [43] | Physical activity | 2012 | (i) women data from the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program
(ii) MD assessed by computer-assisted system
(iii) 2218 postmenopausal women 50–69
(iv) 13-page questionnaire | None****** |
|
