|
| Reference (sample type) | Sample type/region/community | As | Hg | Fe | Mn | Cd | Zn | Cr | Cu | Pb |
|
|
Amasa 1975 [31] | Hair/Ashanti region/Obuasi mine workers (PTP) | 336.33 (196–1940) mgkg−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hair/Ashanti region/Obuasi mine workers (shaft) | 25.59 (7.7–78.0) mgkg−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hair/Ashanti region/Obuasi non-mine workers | 38.7 (8.8–268) mgkg−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Adimado and Baah
2002 [35] | Blood/western region/ | — | 102 (55.8) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Urine/western region/ | — | 34.2 (36) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Hair/western region/ | — | 1.61 (1.33) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Nail/western region/ | — | 2.65 (2.0) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Essumang 2009 [55] | Hair/Western region/ | 0.0142–0.0515 μgg−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Paruchuri et al. 2010 [56] | Urine/Upper East region/ | — | 17.0 μgL−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Paruchuri et al. 2010 [56] | Hair/Upper East region/ | — | 1.1 μgg−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Basu et al. 2011 [57] | Urine/Upper East region/ | 114.52 μgL−1 | — | — | 2.01 μgL−1 | 0.45 μgL−1 | 601.27 μgL−1 | 26.58 μgL−1 | 40.85 μgL−1 | 1.34 μgL−1 |
|
Abrefah et al. 2011 [58] | Urine/Western region/ | 14.75 μgL−1 | 0.56 μgL−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Asante et al. 2012 [59] | Urine/Greater Accra region/ | 54.4 (45.6) μgL−1 | <0.5 μgL−1 | 180 (150) μgL−1 | 4.08 (2.39) μgL−1 | 0.43 (0.17) μgL−1 | 752 (520) μgL−1 | 19 (7) μgL−1 | 305 (117) μgL−1 | 0.08 (0.01–0.08) μgL−1 |
|
Adimado and Baah 2002 [35] | Blood/Western region/Anwiaso | — | 102 (30.2–218) μgL−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Adimado and Baah 2002 [35] | Urine/Western region/Anwiaso | — | 34.2 (1.0–183) μgL−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Adimado and Baah 2002 [35] | Hair/Western region/Anwiaso | — | 1.61 (0.15–5.86) μgg−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Adimado and Baah 2002 [35] | Nail/Western region/Anwiaso | — | 2.65 (0.57–10.0) μgg−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Asante et al. 2007 [15] | Urine (mine workers)/Western region/Tarkwa and its environ | 70.6 (8–270) μgL−1 | 0.35 (0.10–0.61) μgL−1 | — | 1.56 (1.0–2.4) μgL−1 | 0.03 (0.03–0.11) μgL−1 | 1.71 (0.10–0.42) μgL−1 | 8.15 (2.6–25.1) μgL−1 | 561.07 (64.1–1230) μgL−1 | 0.028 (0.01–0.08) μgL−1 |
|
Asante et al. 2007 [15] | Urine (non-mine workers)/Western region/Tarkwa and its environ | 83.85 (4.7–123) μgL−1 | 3.84 (0.6–86.0) μgL−1 | — | 1.98 (0.2–4.1) μgL−1 | 0.23 (0.01–0.27) μgL−1 | 0.54 (0.10–5.65) μgL−1 | 29.78 (3.7–103) μgL−1 | 792.18 (159–1600) μgL−1 | 0.034 (0.01–0.26) μgL−1 |
|
Asante et al. 2012 [59] | Urine (e-waste recycling workers)/Greater Accra region/Agbogbloshie | 0.34 (0.10–0.76) μgL−1 | — | 13 (5.3–21) μgL−1 | 5.19 (1.18–10.0) μgL−1 | 0.07 (<0.01–0.19) μgL−1 | 94.2 (7.85–711) μgL−1 | 0.38 (0.04–1.5) μgL−1 | 20.8 (5.89–52.0) μgL−1 | 0.40 (0.09–1.23) μgL−1 |
|
Adimado and Baah 2002 [35] | Blood/Western region/Tanoso | — | 16.5 (2.1–57.2) μgL−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Adimado and Baah 2002 [35] | Urine/Western region/Tanoso | — | 6.4 (2.0–14.3) μgL−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Adimado and Baah 2002 [35] | Hair/Western region/Tanoso | — | 4.27 (0.06–28.3) μgg−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Adimado and Baah 2002 [35] | Nail/Western region/Tanoso | — | 3.45 (0.13–22.6) μgg−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Kwaansa-Ansah et al. 2010 [60] | Hair (Farmers)/Central region/Dunkwa-On-Offin | — | 2.35 (0.63–7.19) μgg−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| | Urine (Farmers)/Central region/Dunkwa-On-Offin | — | 0.69 (0.075–2.31) μgL−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Kwaansa-Ansah et al. 2010 [60] | Hair (miners)/Central region/Dunkwa-On-Offin | — | 2.14 (0.57–6.07) μgg−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| | Urine (miners)/Central region/Dunkwa-On-Offin | — | 1.23 (0.32–3.62) μgL−1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
