Review Article

HIV-1 Tropism Test Evaluation: Assessment and Clinical Implications

Table 1

Percentage of CCR5 tropic virus in different stages of HIV-1 infection.

Authors, journal, year of publicationMethodsPercentage of patients with CCR5 tropic virus (median)Total number of patients

Acute and early HIV infection
Eshleman et al. [17], AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2007 Phenotypic (replication-defective retroviral vector assay)98195
Huang et al. [18], AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2009 Trofile96150
Frange et al. [19], J. Clin. Microbiol. 2010 Geno2PhenoFPR 10%
Phenotypic (recombinant virus entry assay)
88%131
Frange et al. [20], J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2009 Genotypic (5 genotypic rules to predict tropism)84%390
De Mendoza et al. [21], J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2007 Genotypic (wetcat prediction algorithm)83%203
Rieder et al. [22], Clin. Infect. Dis. 2011Genotypic with 3 prediction tools (web-PSSM, wetcat, Geno2Pheno)
Phenotypic (MT2 and GHOST cell culture assays)
90%, 81%, 86%145
Chalmet et al. [23], J. Infect. Dis. 2012 Geno2Pheno81–88%539
Raymond et al. [24], AIDS 2010 Recombinant virus phenotypic entry assay (Toulouse tropism test assay)93.6% 133
Geno2Pheno88%
Hamlyn et al. [25], AIDS 2012 Geno2PhenoFPR 5.75%91.7%120
Nozza et al. [26], J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2014 plasma, PBMC 87.3% 66
PSSMx4r587%
(ds) kernel92.4%
Charpentier et al. [27], J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2013 on HIV RNA 60% 170
on HIV DNA54%
Nozza et al. [28], J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2012 86% 223
Simon et al. [42], AIDS 2010 62%50
Moyle et al. [29], J. Infect. Dis. 2005 ViroLogic PhenoSense assay81%402
Santoro et al. [31], Clin. Microbiol. Infect 2012 Geno2PhenoFPR 2%4.9% 532
25%

Experienced HIV patients
Gulick et al. [4], N Engl J Med 2008 Trofile70%1049
Caseiro et al. [43], J. Infect. 2012 Trofile84%857
Recordon-Pinson et al. [44],   Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2010Trofile 71.4% 236
Geno2PhenoFPR10%77%
Svicher et al. [45], New Microbiol. 2010Trofile 76.5% 406
Geno2PhenoFPR10%70%