| Drug | Approved indication(s) | Possible mechanism of action | Some common adverse effects | Route(s) | References |
| IFN--1a | RRMS, CIS | Inhibition of CD4+ T-cells and enhancement of CD8+ T-cells. | Hypersensitivity reaction, hepatotoxicity, haematologic disorders, and injection site reactions. | Subcut./IM | [30, 31] |
| IFN--1b | RRMS, Progressive MS | The same as above. | Same as above. | The same as above. | [30, 31] |
| Glatiramer acetate | RRMS, CIS | Downregulates the expression of autoreactive T-cells. | Injection site reaction, mood disturbance, and hypersensitivity reaction. | Subcut. | [31, 32] |
| Natalizumab | RRMS, Severe Remitting MS | Acts on integrins resulting in inhibition of leukocyte migration into the CNS. | Increased risk of PML, hepatotoxicity, and hypersensitivity reaction. | IV | [33, 34] |
| Fingolimod | RRMS after IFN | Modulates sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors preventing the egress of lymphocytes from lymph nodes. | Hepatotoxicity, atrioventricular block, increased risk of malignancy, and mood disturbance. | Orally | [35ā37] |
| Dimethyl fumarate | Relapsing MS | Activate nuclear factors resulting in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. | Increase hepatic enzymes, gastrointestinal upset, and lymphopaenia. | Orally | [38, 39] |
| Mitoxantrone | Aggressive MS, SPMS | Inhibits B-cell, T-cell, and macrophage proliferation. | Cardiotoxicity, Leukopaenia, | IV | [39] |
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