GABA imposes inhibitory effects on the brain neurons that show protective role during hypoxia or ischemia, active transport into the astrocyte glial cells
Purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, purine, and pyrimidine nucleosides
Ion transporters
Na/K-ATPase
Active transport
Potassium
Nerve conduction
Ca-ATPase
Active transport
Calcium
Bone marrow
Sodium
Active transport
Sodium
Nerve conduction
Potassium, chloride
Active transport
Potassium/chloride cotransporter
Nerve conduction
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) multidrug resistance transporter (mouse Mdr1a [Mdr3], Mdr1a [Mdr3], Mdr1b [Mdr1], and Mdr2; human MDR1 & 2)
Active transport
Organic, hydrophobic, and amphipathic cations: -adrenergic blockers, anthracyclines, cyclosporine A, digoxin, etoposide, glucocorticoids, loperamide, morphine, phenytoin, vecuronium, verapamil, and vinca alkaloids
Inhibition of drug transport
Multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP1)
Active transport
Amphipathic anions and glutathione, glucuronide and sulfate conjugates: benzylpenicillin, doxorubicin, etoposide, methotrexate, vinblastine, and vincristine
Efflux
MRP2 (c-MOAT)
Active transport
Organic anions
Efflux
MRP3 (MOAT-D)
Active transport
Methotrexate, anionic conjugates
Efflux
MRP4 (MOATB)
Active transport
Nucleoside-based antivirals
Efflux
MRP5 (MOAT-C)
Active transport
Cyclic nucleotides, glutathione conjugates, and organic anions
Efflux
MRP6 (MOAT-E)
Active transport
Peptides
Efflux
Breast cancer resistance protein BCRP)
Active transport
Similar to P-gp substrates; camptothecin derivatives, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, and topotecan
Efflux
OCT1-3,
Active transport
Monoamine neurotransmitters, cationic neurotoxins, amantadine, memantine, desipramine, dopamine, and serotonin