Respiratory Allergies: A General Overview of Remedies, Delivery Systems, and the Need to Progress

Table 1

Treatment of respiratory allergies: drug categories and their targets [26, 59].

Category	Target organ	Target symptom/function	Improvement
Drugs taken daily for the reduction of symptoms and disease control
Antihistamines	Nose	Sneezing, rhinorrhoea, itching, obstruction	Medium
	Lungs	Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath	Medium
	Eyes	Itching, watering	High
Corticosteroids	Nose	Sneezing, rhinorrhoea, itching, obstruction	High
	Lungs	Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath	High
	Eyes	Itching, watering	Medium
Leukotriene inhibitors	Nose	Rhinorrhoea, obstruction	Low
	Lungs	Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath	Medium
	Eyes	Watering	Low
Anticholinergics	Nose	Rhinorrhoea	Medium
as relievers for asthma (second-line therapy)	Lungs	Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath	Medium
Cromones	Nose	Sneezing, rhinorrhoea, itching, obstruction	Low
	Lungs	Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath	Low
	Eyes	Itching, watering	Medium
Decongestants (for not more than 10 days)	Nose	Obstruction	Very high
Inhaled long-acting bronchodilators (LABAs)	Lungs	Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath	High
Combinations LABA + corticosteroid	Lungs	Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath	High
Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs)	Lungs	Lung function	Medium
Theophylline	Lungs	Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath	Medium
Anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies	Lungs	Coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath	High
Drugs taken on demand for quick relief of asthma exacerbations
Rapid-acting inhaled 𝛽2-agonists (SABAs)	Lungs	Bronchoconstriction, coughing, wheezing	High
Combinations corticosteroid + formoterol	Lungs	Bronchoconstriction, coughing, wheezing	High
Systemic corticosteroids	Lungs	Bronchoconstriction, coughing, wheezing	High